Is there any left in the fridge? 冰箱里还有吗？
some间或可用在疑问句中，这时往往预计有肯定答复：
Did some of you sleep on the floor? 你们中有些人在地板上睡的？
Can I take some of this paper? 这纸我拿点行吗？
any还可用来表示“任何（一个）”：
He was just as hard up as any of us. 他和我们中的任何人都一样手头拮据。
Any is good enough for me. 随便哪个对我来说都是够好的。
I'll take any that you don't want. 你不要的我都要。
His gift was unknown to any (of us) except himself. 他的天赋除了他自己（我们）谁也不知道。
2) some, any, no作定语的用法：
some， any， no都可用作定语，some和any都表示“一些”，some用于肯定句，any用于疑问句及否定句，no表示“没有”，等于not any。这些词有些语言学家称为限定词，也有些人称为形容词，它们可以修饰可数名词（a），也可以修饰不可数名词（b）：
a. She bought some biscuits. 她买了一些饼干。
Some children learn languages easily. 有些孩子学语言很容易。
There are scarcely any flowers in the garden. 花园里几乎没有花。
Are there any cows in the field? 这牧场里有奶牛吗？
Did he catch any fish? 他捕到鱼了吗？
No man is born wise. （谚）聪明非天生。
b. Some work is pleasant. 有些工作是令人愉快的。
I enjoy some music. 我喜欢某些音乐。
Some French wine is quite sweet. 有些法国酒相当甜。
I have hardly any spare time. 我几乎没有空余时间。
Have you any money on you? 你身上带钱了吗？
I don't think there is any petrol in the tank. 我想油箱里没油了。
Martin did no reading that night. 马丁那天晚上没看书。
3) some， any， no的特别用法：
a. some可用于请求或反问句中：
Could you lend me some money? 你能借我一些钱吗？
Would you like some tea? 你要不要喝点茶？
Aren't there some eggs in the fridge? 冰箱里不是还有些鸡蛋吗？
Didn't you put some stamps on the envelopes? 你信封上难道没贴邮票？
b. some有时和单数可数名词连用，表示“某个”（=certain）：
He had a good position in some shipping firm. 他在一家船运公司有个好职位。
He's living at some place in East Africa. 他住在东非某个地方。
Ask some typist to come here. 找一位打字员到这里来。
There must be some reason for what he's done. 他这样做总有某种原因。
c. any可表示“任何（一个）”，有时意思较弱，接近于一个不定冠词：
He wanted a job, any sort of a job. 他需要一份工作，什么工作都行。
Any time you want me, just send for me. 凡你需要我时就派人来找我。
Any colour will do. 什么颜色都行。
What I have told her isn't any secret. 我告诉她的话已不是什么秘密。
If you see any (=an) interesting book, please buy it for me. 如果你看到什么有意思的书，请给我买一本。
d. no可构成否定句，等于not a：
He is in no mood (not in a mood) for jokes. 他没有心情说笑话。
He found that this was no light task. 他发现这不是个轻松的工作。
He's no fool, he isn't. 他不是傻瓜，他并不傻。
He's no friend of mine. 他不是我的朋友。
He's no financial expert. 他不是金融专家。
5.7.4 many, much, few, little
1) 这几个词都是表示数量的，都可用作定语（有人称作限定词，也有人称作形容词），可构成六个词：
many（用来修饰可数名词）主要用在疑问句及否定句中（a），也可在肯定句中修饰主语等（b），还可和too，so，as等词一起用：
a. Do you have many friends? 你有很多朋友吗？（肯定句多用a lot of: He has a lot of friends.）
I wonder how many people will be at the party. 我不知道将有多少人来参加这个聚会。
Were there many pictures by women artists? 女画家的画多吗？
He didn't make many mistakes. 他出错并不多。
Not many people are interested in the activity. 没多少人对这活动感兴趣。
b. Many people do not get enough to eat. 许多人没有足够的东西吃。
Many students supported the plan. 许多学生赞成这项计划。
Rain has been forecast in many areas of the country. 预报国内很多地区要下雨。
The financial report had many flaws. 财务报告中有许多小毛病。
c. There are many mistakes in this essay. 这篇论文错误太多。
I never saw so many swans on the lake. 我从未看见湖上有这么多天鹅。
As many as ten people were found living in a single room. 一间屋里住有十个人之多。
much也表示“多”，但只能用来修饰不可数名词，主要用于疑问句和否定句（a），也可在肯定句中和too， so等词连用，或用在句首（b）：
a. Do you take much interest in it? 你对此兴趣大吗? （肯定句多用a lot of: I've a lot of interest in it. 我对此很有兴趣。）
We don't have much free time. 我们没多少空余时间。
Did you have much difficulty in finding the house? 找到那所房子你费了很多周折吗？
I haven't got much money on me. 我身上没带多少钱。
How much time have you got? 你有多少时间？
b. You've given me too much food. 你给我的食物太多了。
So much time has been wasted that way. 那样可是浪费了大量时间。
Much money has been spent on it. 这上面花的钱太多了。
间或用在肯定句中（特别是在美国或较正式的文体中）：
The news brought us much joy. 这消息使我们很高兴。
There is much good in him. 他很善良。
I have much pleasure in introducing our speaker. 我很高兴介绍我们的演讲者。
few是many的反义词，表示“很少”，用来修饰可数名词：
They exchanged few words. 他们没交谈几句。
There are few men more than six feet tall. 身高超过六英尺的男子很少。
Few people live to be 100. 活到一百岁的人很少。
There are fewer cars here today than yesterday. 今天这里的车比昨天少。
little是much的反义词，也表示“很少”，但只能用来修饰不可数名词，带有否定意味，意思接近于no：
They had very little money. 他们没几个钱。
There is little hope that she will recover. 她痊愈的希望很小。
She had little spare time. 她空闲的时间很少。
I had little opportunity of seeing the country. 我很少有机会到乡下看看。
a few表示“有几个”，可修饰可数名词，意思接近于some：
He asked us a few questions. 他问了我们几个问题。
This happened a few days ago. 这事发生在几天前。
Only a few students were awarded scholarships. 只有几个学生获得奖学金。
David had a few problems. 大卫有几个问题。
a little表示“有一点”，可修饰不可数名词，意思也接近于some：
Come in and have a little whisky. 进来喝点威士忌。
She had a little money, ten pounds or so. 她有一点点钱，十镑左右。
There's only a little time left, isn't there? 只剩一丁点时间了，对吧？
Shall I go a little way with you? 要不要我陪你走一段路？
2) 这些词还可在句中作主语、宾语等：
many表示“很多人或东西”，代表可数名词：
Not many of us will pass the examination. 我们中不会有很多人通过这个考试。
Many of the mistakes were just careless. 错误中有很多是粗心造成的。
Many of the people at the meeting left early. 许多与会者都早早走了。
How many do you need? 你需要多少？
much表示“好多”，可代表不可数的东西：
Much of this information has been inaccurate. 这信息很多都不准确。
Much hangs on his decision. 许多事有赖于他的决定。
I haven't time to do much. 我没有时间做很多的事。
I have much to talk over with him. 我有很多事要和他谈。
few是many的反义词，表示“很少人或东西”，可代表可数名词：
Few of the players played really well. 没几个球员真正打得好。
Very few of the books are easy enough for me. 这些书没几本容易到我能读。
We saw few of the sights as we had so little time. 我们只有那么一丁点时间，所看的景点寥寥无几。
I knew few of the people there. 那儿的人我认识的很少。
little是much的反义词，表示“很少”，只代表不可数的东西，意思接近于nothing：
You have done very little for us. 你几乎没为我们做什么事。
He had little to tell us. 他没什么可告诉我们。
I understood little of his speech. 他的报告我几乎都没听懂。
You eat too little. 你吃得太少。
a few有肯定的意思，表示“有几个（一些）”， 代表可数的东西：
Only a few of the people who applied were suitable. 只有少数几个申请者合适。
I met a few of my friends there. 我在那里碰到了我的几个朋友。
She's written lots of books but I've only read a few (of them). 她写了很多书,但我只看过几本。
I knew a few of the people there. 那儿的人我认识几个.
a little也有肯定的意思,表示“一点儿”， 代表不可数的东西：
Try and eat a little. 尽量吃一点吧。
Tell me a little about his illness. 告诉我一点他的病情。
If you've got any spare milk, could you give me a little? 如果你有多余的牛奶，能否给我一点？
"Is there any butter left ?" "Yes, just a little." “黄油还有剩的吗?”“有，就剩一点点。”
5.7.5 all, each, none
1) all可用作定语（有人称作限定词），可修饰可数名词，表示“所有的”（a），也可修饰不可数名词，表示“一切”（b），还可与可数名词单数连用，表示“整个”c)：
a. All these girls were anaemic. 这些姑娘都贫血。
All my children can swim. 我的孩子都会游泳。
She has read all these books. 这些书她全看了。
b. All hope has gone. 一切希望都破灭了。
Not all food is good to eat. 并非所有的食物都适宜食用。
He has lost all his money. 他的钱全都丢了。
c. He spent all that year in London. 那一整年他都在伦敦。
He worked hard all his life. 他一生辛劳。
It has been raining all day. 雨下了一整天。
all还可和名词一道用作表语，表示状态：
Auntie Ruth was all sweetness. 露丝姨妈非常亲切。
He was all tenderness and kindness. 他非常温柔和蔼。
That afternoon it seemed all disappointment. 那天下午情况似乎很令人失望。
2) all也可用作代词，代表可数的东西（a）或不可数的东西（b），在句中作主语、宾语等：
a. All were pale and had dark rings under their eyes. 所有的人都脸色苍白，眼圈发黑。
All were sharply criticized. 所有的人都受到严厉的批评。
I brought all of them. 它们都是我带来的。
All of them voted against the plan. 他们都投票反对这项计划。
b. Now all was changed. 现在一切都变了。
I know that all was well with her. 我知道她一切都好。
It was she who was the cause of all. 这一切都是她造成的。
Take all of it. 把它全拿走。
all在句中可用作同位语：
The people at the meeting all voted against it. 开会的人都投票反对它。
My children can all swim. 我的孩子们都会游泳。
She has read them all. 所有这些她全看了。
He's pretty sick about it all. 他对这一切相当厌烦。
all后面还可跟一定语修饰它：
All that she lacked was training. 她欠缺的就是训练。
All I desired was leisure for study. 我想得到的只是用于学习的空闲时间。
All I can say is that we are extremely sorry. 我能说的就是我们甚为抱歉。
I have said all I intend to say. 我想说的都说了。
You've seen all there is to see. 可看的你都看了。
Is that all you want to say? 你想说的就是这些？
3) each可作定语，表示“每一个”（这时有人称之为“限定词”）：
Each delegation began to state its viewpoints. 各代表团都开始陈述其观点。
He gave each child a present. 他给了每个孩子一份礼物。
Each lesson lasts an hour. 每堂课时间为一小时。
Each day passed without any news. 一天天过去，音信杳然。
each还可用作主语或宾语：
Each of the houses is painted a different color. 每座房子都漆成了不同颜色。
Each went his way. 各走各的路。
A chrysanthemum was presented to each of the ladies. 送给每位女士一朵菊花。
He gave two to each. 他给了每人两个。
有时还可作主语或宾语的同位语：
They were each sentenced to thirty days. 他们各被判处一个月的徒刑。
They went each to the room assigned. 他们各自走向所分配的房间。
We had each said a few words. 我们每人讲了几句话。
He gave the children a present each. 他给了每个孩子一份礼物。
4) none和no都是否定词， no用作定语（前面已经说过）， none则用作主语（a）、宾语或介词宾语（b）或同位语（c）：
a. None of us would have said such a thing. 我们谁也不会说出这种话。
None of my friends ever come(s) to see me. 我的朋友一个都没来看我。
None of them has (have) replied yet. 他们都还没有回信。
None of these improvements has cost much. 这些改进花费都很少。
b. "Have you brought any books to read?" "No, none." “你带了什么书看?”“没有，一本也没带。”
I like none of these pictures. 这些画我都不喜欢。
Some people own several houses, others have none. 有些人拥有几处房子，而另外的人则一处也没有。
How many questions are difficult？——None. 难题有几个？——一个也没有。
c. We none of us live round here. 我们谁也不住在附近。
They have none of them fulfilled their tasks. 他们谁也没完成任务。
none有时可指不可数的东西：
"How much petrol is there in the car?" "None!" “车里还有多少油?”“一点都没有了!”
He has none of his brother's selfishness. 他完全没有他哥哥的那种自私。
He has lost none of his charm for her. 他丝毫没失去对她的吸引力。
5.7.6 both, either, neither
这三个词都指两者，both表示“两者都…”，either表示“两者中的任何一个”，neither表示“两者都不”：
1) both在句中可用作定语（这时可说是限定词）（a），还可用作主语（b）、宾语（c）或同位语（d）：
a. Both women were French. 两个妇女都是法国人。
Both (her) children are at college. （她的）两个孩子都在上大学。
He is blind in both eyes. 他双眼都失明了。
She held something in both (her) hands. 她两只手都拿着东西。
b. He has two brothers;both live in Seattle. 他有两个兄弟，都住在西雅图。
Both felt that they ought to do something. 两人都感到应该做点什么。
Both of the women were French. 两个妇女都是法国人。
Both of my parents live in London. 我的父母都住在伦敦。
c. Why not do both? 为什么两件事不都做？
I'll borrow both of them. 两个我都借。
I like these shirts. I'll take both (of them). 我喜欢这衬衫，两件我都要。
I'll do something for both of you. 我要为你们两人都做点什么。
d. His parents were both dead. 他的父母都不在了。
They have both seen the film. 他们俩都看过这部电影。
I shall read them both. 两本书我都要看。
We both went to their wedding. 我们俩都参加了他们的婚礼。
2) either可用作定语（这时可说是限定词）（a）、主语（b）或宾语（c）：
a. Either proposal will have my support. 两个建议我都支持。
He could write with either hand. 他用哪只手写字都行。
Take either half;they're exactly the same. 拿哪一半都行，它们完全一样。
You can park on either side of the street. 你把车停在街的哪边都行。
b. Either (of these) would do. （这两个）哪个都行。
Either of us is willing to help. 我们两人都愿意帮忙。
Either of the plans is equally good. 两个计划一样好。
She is younger than either of us. 她比我们俩都年轻。
c. I did not bring either with me. 两个我都没带。
I like either of these. 两个中哪一个我都喜欢。
I don't want to owe anything to either of you. 我不想欠你们两人中任何一人的情。
You can ask e of us for help. 你可以要求我们中随便哪个帮你。
either还可作定语，表示“两…”：
It is a pleasant road, with trees on either side. 这是一条怡人的马路，两边都有树。
There are shops on either side of the street. 街道两边都有商店。
There's a staircase at either end of the corridor. 走廊的两头都有楼梯。
3) neither可用作定语（a）、主语（b）、宾语（c）或同位语（d）：
a. Neither man knew the way. 两人都不知道路。
Neither book is satisfactory. 两本书都不令人满意。
Neither statement is true. 两个说法都不真实。
Neither train had a restaurant car. 两列火车都没有餐车。
b. I tried on two dresses, but neither fits me. 我试了试两件套裙，哪一件也不合身。
Neither of them knew the way. 他俩谁都不知道路。
Neither of them had a restaurant car. 它们中哪一列都没有餐车。
"Which is your car?" "Neither, mine is being repaired." “哪辆车是你的?”“都不是，我的车在修。”
c. I've read neither of these books. 这两本书我都没看过。
I could answer neither of the questions. 两个问题我都答不上来。
She got neither of your letters. 你的两封信她都没收到。
"Will you have ice-cream or coca-cola ?" "Neither, thank you." “你要冰淇淋还是可口可乐?”“谢谢你，我都不要。”
d. They neither of them said anything. 他们谁也没说什么。
I hope that you'll neither of you say anything more. 我希望你俩都别再说什么了。
These two books are neither of them very good. 这两本书都不太好。
5.7.7 other, another
1) other可用作定语（这时可说是限定词），表示“另外的”、“别的”、“其他的”：
Miss Brown and two other teachers were there. 布朗小姐和另外两位老师在那里。
Other members may not like the idea. 其他成员可能不赞成这个想法。
Are there any other questions? 还有什么别的问题吗？
I'm busy now. Please come some other time. 我现在很忙，请另找时间来。
还可用作主语（a）或宾语（b），表示“另外那个（的人）”、“别的…”（常可用于复数形式）：
a. One of the boys is named Tom, the other named David. 一个男孩叫汤姆，另外那个叫大卫。
Some like chocolate ice-cream, others prefer vanilla ice-cream. 有些人喜欢巧克力冰淇淋，另外的人喜欢香草冰淇淋。
I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳，另外的人则打网球。
Some people came by car, others came on foot. 有的人开车来，另外的人走着来。
b. Show me some others. 另外拿几个给我看看。
These shoes are dirty—I'll have to wear my others. 这鞋脏了——我得另穿一双。
I don't like this one. Have you got any others? 我不喜欢这个，你还有别的吗？
He raised one arm and then the other. 他举起一只手臂，然后又举起另一只。
2) another也可用作定语（这时可说是限定词），表示“另一个”（a）或“又一个”（b）：
a. Now she was in another difficulty. 现在她碰到了另一个困难。
She's got another boyfriend. 她还有一个男朋友。
He's writing another novel. 他在写另外一本小说。
He could get another girl to do my typing. 他可以找另外一个女孩来帮我打字。
b. She had another cup of tea. 她又喝了一杯茶。
Then another man rose to speak. 接着又有一个人起来发言。
She's going to have another baby. 她又要生孩子了。
In another year she'll go to school. 再过一年她就要上学了。
还可和一数词连用：
She'll remain in London for another four or five days. 她在伦敦还要逗留四五天。
I've still got another three questions to answer. 我还有三道题要答。
In another two weeks it'll be finished. 再过两个星期这活就完成了。
We've got another 50 kilometres to go. 我们还得往前开五十公里。
3) another也可用作主语（a）、宾语（b）、或表语（c），表示“另外一个”：
a. We've had many letters like this—another of them came today. 我们收到过许多这样的信，今天又来了一封。
Then another put up his hand. 又一个人举手了。
There was a rainbow in the sky, and another in his breast. 有一道彩虹在天上，还有一道在他心里。
b. They've got three children already and they're having another. 他们已经有了三个孩子，很快又将有一个。
If you've already seen that film, we can go and see another. 如果这部片子你已看过，我们可以去看另一部。
I don't like this room—let's ask for another. 我不喜欢这个房间——咱们另要一间吧。
