VII Go to Bristol 第七章 去布里斯托尔途中.12
3) 在“及物动词＋宾语＋介词”这类结构后，也常可跟动名词作宾语：
They accused him of playing his radio too loudly. 他们指责他收音机开得太响。
He charged them with receiving stolen goods. 他指控他们收受赃物。
They suspected him of being the thief. 他们怀疑他偷盗。
Thank you for doing this job for us. 谢谢你帮我们做了这件事。
Excuse me for not answering your letter earlier. 请原谅我没早一些给你回信。
Forgive (Pardon) me for interrupting you. 请原谅我打断你的话。
Keep that child from yelling. 别让那孩子大喊大叫。
That did not prevent him from doing so. 这并没有阻止他那样做。
Nothing would stop me from achieving my ambition. 什么也不能阻止我实现我的抱负。
He dedicated his life to fighting corruption. 他毕生致力于和腐败作斗争。
Mother Teresa devoted herself to caring for the poor. 特丽莎嬷嬷献身于照顾穷人。
在How about后也常用动名词作宾语：
How about coming with us to the club? 和我们一道去俱乐部如何？
How about putting the sofa closer to the window? 把长沙发放得靠窗子近点怎么样？
4) 许多介词可以跟动名词构成状语：
Bass waited a little while before making up his mind. 巴斯稍等了一会才拿定主意。
After standing in the queue for an hour, we got two tickets. 站了一小时的队，我们买了两张票。
And, in doing so, he fell into contradictions. 在这样做时，他陷入了矛盾之中。
On reaching the city, he called up Lester. 一到达这座城市，他就给莱斯特打了电话。
I don't blame you for being cautious. 你小心谨慎我不怪你。
What has he done besides reading the paper? 除了看报他还干了什么？
Thereis nothing to gain by waiting. 坐等不会有收获。
Without waiting for any reply, he left the room. 他不等回答就离开了房间。
He had not bought a new suit since coming to Oxford. 来牛津之后他没买过一套新衣服。
She dissuaded me from doing it. 她劝我不要做那事。
5) 还有一些由介词构成的短语，后面可跟动名词作宾语：
Instead of going to New York, we got off at Boston. 我们没去纽约，而是在波斯顿下了车。
Guests can relax in the lounge prior to entering the theatre. 客人在进入剧场之前可以在休息厅放松一下。
He was afraid to speak for fear of making errors. 他怕出错而不敢讲话。
He is studying with a view to going to university. 他在学习，准备上大学。
I called in the hope of finding her at home. 我去拜访是想在她家找到她。
6) 有些介词可以和动名词构成定语：
He is good at the art of making friends. 他甚谙交友之道。
I admired his skill at driving. 我佩服他开车的技术。
He had the chance (opportunity) of visiting Beijing. 他有机会访问北京。
It's a device for opening bottles. 这是一种开瓶装置。
He invented a new process of dyeing. 他发明了一种染色新工艺。
She doesn't have much experience in dealing with children. 在对待孩子方面她经验不多。
She couldn't invent a reason for not going. 她编造不出不去的理由。
What's the advantage of using nuclear power? 利用核能有什么好处？
He advocated a new method of teaching English. 他倡导一种教英语的新方法。
I have no objection to sending him abroad. 我不反对派他出国。
I had no intention of defending myself. 我无心为自己辩护。
To whom do I have the honour of speaking? 我有幸和哪一位讲话？
I do not like her way of talking. 我不喜欢她的讲话方式。
间或介词也可和动词一道构成表语：
I'm for doing nothing till the police arrive. 我主张在警察到来之前不要采取任何行动。
I'm in the habit of reading the newspaper at breakfast. 我习惯于吃早饭时看报。
Father was against selling the property. 父亲反对出售这份产业。
Talking to him was like playing on an exquisite violin. 和他谈话就像弹奏一把美妙的提琴。
12.2.5 动名词的被动形式和完成形式
1) 动名词有时需用被动形式，可作动词的宾语（a）或介词的宾语（b）：
a. He hates being interrupted. 他不愿意被人打断。
He narrowly escaped being run over. 他差点被车压了。
I appreciate being given this opportunity. 我很感谢给了我这个机会。
I remembered being taken to Paris as a small child. 我记得小时候曾被带到巴黎。
Grace resented being called a baby. 格雷斯讨厌别人叫他小宝宝。
He just missed being caught. 他差点没被抓住。
She disliked being spoken to like that. 她不喜欢别人对她这样讲话。
We cannot help being touched by their zeal. 我们禁不住被他们的热情所打动。
b. I object to being spoken to like that. 我反对别人对我这样讲话。
He hoped to get out without being seen. 他希望不被人看见溜出来。
All laws have to be submitted to Parliament for ratification before being put into force. 所有法律在实施前均需提交议会批准。
He ran away for fear of being hurt. 他跑掉了，唯恐受到伤害。
Who can prevent their plans from being carried out? 谁能阻止他们那些计划的实现？
She is far from being pleased about it. 对此她很不满意。
I'm not used to being treated like this. 我不习惯受这种款待。
She openly talked of having been let down. 她公开谈到被人涮了。
间或也可用作主语：
It felt funny being called Grandma. 被人称作奶奶感到怪怪的。
Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路有时会很害怕。
2) 动名词有时需要完成形式，可作动词的宾语（a）或介词的宾语（b）：
a. He denied having been there. 他不承认到过那里。
I could not recall having heard anyone say that before. 我不记得以前听人说过这话。
I don't recollect having seen him before. 我不记得以前见过他。
I regretted having left Montreal. 我后悔离开了蒙特利尔。
He reported having met only a cyclist. 他报告说只碰到一个骑车的人。
She admits having seen us. 她承认见到了我们。
I don't remember having heard you say that. 我不记得听你说过这话。
b. He accused me of having broken my word. 他指责我不守信用。
We congratulated him on having passed the examination. 我们祝贺他通过了考试。
He was ashamed of having failed to pass the test. 测试没通过他感到羞愧。
Don't be angry with me for not having written to you. 我没给你写信，请别生气。
After having had some practice, he decided to try again. 经过一番练习，他决定再试一次。
The safe showed no signs of having been touched. 保险柜没有被人动过的痕迹。
12.2.6 动名词的逻辑主语
动名词的逻辑主语多用一个物主代词或名词所有格表示，可用在：
a. 主语前：
Your coming to help is a great encouragement to me. 你们来帮忙对我是很大的鼓舞。
Her going off in such a hurry is very risky. 她这样匆忙离去很危险。
Jane's not having received proper training was to her disadvantage. 简没受过适当训练对她是不利的。
Your denying everything will get you nowhere. 你否认一切不会对你有好处。
It has been a great honour your coming to visit us. 你来看我们真是不胜荣幸。
It seems so strange your going like this. 你这样去显得很奇怪。
b. 宾语前：
I hate your going away. 我不愿意你走掉。
Forgive my (me) ringing you up so early. 原谅我这么早给你打电话。
You can't prevent his (him) spending his own money. 你不能阻止他花自己的钱。
I appreciate your giving me so much of your time. 感谢你为我花了这么多时间。
I don't remember my mother's complaining about it. 我不记得我母亲抱怨过这事。
She suggested his sending it to Tagore. 她建议他把它寄给泰戈尔。
Excuse my opening your letter by mistake. 请原谅我误拆了你的信。
I can still recall your saying to me that you were going to be a lawyer. 我还记得你曾对我说过你想当律师。
c. 介词宾语前：
I strongly object to your saying that. 我强烈反对你说这话。
I'm fed up with your grumbling! 你唧唧咕咕我都听烦了！
I'm not surprised at your misunderstanding me. 我并不为你误会我而感到奇怪。
I never dreamt of its hurting you. 我绝没想到它会伤你的心。
I have made no objection to his doing it. 我对他这样做没表示过反对。
There was no chance of his getting scholarships. 他没有机会得奖学金。
Since my coming to London I have not been well. 自从来到伦敦，我身体一直不舒服。
They're looking forward to Mary's coming. 他们都盼着玛丽来。
在口语中，有时用名词或人称代词宾格表示动名词的逻辑主语：
He didn't mind Flora (her) leaving home. 他不介意弗洛拉（她）离开家。
I don't remember my mother complaining about it. 我不记得我母亲曾抱怨此事。
I can't understand him (his) leaving his wife. 我不懂他为什么离开他的妻子。
He resented me (my) being promoted before him. 他怨恨我比他早升职。
12.2.7 动名词构成的合成名词
1) 许多合成名词由“动名词＋名词”构成：
swimming pool 游泳池
swimming suit 游泳衣
boxing competition 拳击比赛
speaking contest 演讲比赛
sleeping bag 睡袋
sleeping pill 安眠药片
writing desk 写字台
writing paper 信纸
diving suit 潜水衣
diving board 跳板
watering can 洒水壶
filling station 加油站
drawing board 绘图板
drawing pin 图钉
washing machine 洗衣机
washing powder 洗衣粉
fishing pole （美）钓鱼竿
fishing line 钓鱼线
drinking water 饮用水
drinking fountain 饮水台
waiting room 候车（诊）室
waiting list 候选人名单
parking lot (space) 停车场（位）
parking meter 停车计时器
checking account 活期账户
banking system 银行系统
sewing machine 缝纫机
printing-press 印刷机
hearing aid 助听器
operating table 手术台
2) 还有一类合成词由“形容词（名词）＋动名词”构成：
deep-ploughing 深耕
close-planting 密植
physical training 体育（锻炼）
job-hunting 找工作
weight lifting 举重
sight seeing 观光
window-shopping 逛商店（只看不买）
tap dancing 踢跶舞
air conditioning 空调
shadow boxing 打拳
zebra crossing 斑马纹人行横道
data processing 数据处理
food poisoning 食物中毒
family planning 计划生育
water-skiing 滑水
house-warming 乔迁酒宴
fire fighting 消防
ice-skating 滑冰
money grabbing 不择手段地捞钱
roller skating 溜旱冰
12.3 现在分词的用法
12.3.1 现在分词概说
动词的-ing形式，除了作动名词外，还可以起其他作用，称为现在分词，它在句中可用来：
1) 构成谓语（主要是构成各种进行时态）：
They are doing some pattern practice. 他们在做句型练习。
She is seeing a friend off. 她在给一个朋友送行。
I'll be waiting for you at the entrance. 我将在大门口等你。
They have been designing a new jet plane. 他们一直在设计一种新型喷气机。
2) 构成不定式的进行形式：
He seems to be worrying about something. 他似乎在为什么事发愁。
Walter happened to be working in the next room. 沃尔特碰巧在隔壁屋里干活。
They're said to be making an important experiment. 据说他们在进行一项重要试验。
I don't want you to be wasting your time like this. 我不希望你这样浪费时间。
3) 作表语：
The situation is quite encouraging. 形势很令人鼓舞。
4) 作定语：
He found her a charming girl. 他发现她是位迷人的姑娘。
5) 构成复合宾语：
I watched the children flying kites. 我看孩子们放风筝。
6) 作状语：
We spent all day looking for you. 我们花了一整天找你。
作为动词，它也可有自己的宾语（a）或状语（b），以构成现在分词短语：
a. He stood there for two hours watching the game. 他在那里站了两个钟头看比赛。
b. I saw her speaking to a neighbour. 我看见她和一位邻居讲话。
间或还可跟表语：
Feeling tired, I went to bed. 我感到很累就睡觉了。
现在分词可有下面这些形式：
12.3.2 现在分词作表语
1) 现在分词常可用作表语，特别是那些表示情绪的词：
The dirty street is disgusting. 那条肮脏的街道令人厌恶。
It's amazing that you should know that! 你竟然连这都知道，真令人惊奇！
The report is most alarming. 这份报告很令人惊恐。
He was very amusing. 他很有趣。
This interruption is very annoying. 这样的打断很让人恼火。
It's astonishing to me that he should be absent. 他竟然缺席，这使我感到吃惊。
The plight of the starving natives is appalling. 土著居民挨饿的境况简直可怕。
The book was rather boring. 那本书相当枯燥乏味。
The day was so charming. 天气真是好极了。
Some foreign press reports are quite confusing. 某些外国新闻报道很令人迷惑不解。
To us all this was peculiarly distressing. 对我们来说这一切都特别令人苦恼。
This was very disappointing. 这很令人失望。
The test results have been very discouraging. 测试结果很让人沮丧。
The sight had not been encouraging. 那景象并不令人鼓舞。
It is frightening even to think of the horrors of nuclear war. 即便是想象一下核战争的恐怖都令人毛骨悚然。
Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比溜冰更刺激。
She was very pleasing in her appearance. 她的外貌很招人喜欢。
It's all very puzzling. 这事整个令人困惑。
His concern for his mother is most touching. 他对母亲的关爱很感人。
It was thrilling to listen to the story of his adventures. 听他的冒险故事很激动人心。
2) 一些表示状态、品质的现在分词也可用作表语：
The photograph is missing. 那张照片不见了。
She is always very obliging. 她总是乐于助人。
The reason he gave was not very convincing. 他给的理由不太有说服力。
These developments were rather disturbing. 这些发展情况相当令人不安。
The article was misleading, and the newspaper has apologized. 这篇文章具有误导性，报纸已经道歉了。
In a way, teaching is rewarding. 从某种意义上说，教书是有回报的。
The tea smells inviting and tastes fresh. 这茶香气诱人，味道清新。
The breeze was cool and refreshing. 这阵微风很凉爽提神。
That cake looks tempting. 那块蛋糕很诱人。
Is the matter pressing? 这事很紧迫吗？
The wheat crop looks promising. 小麦收成看来不错。
The difference was most striking. 差别很明显。
这样用的现在分词很多都已成了形容词。
12.3.3 现在分词作定语
1) 上节提到的这类现在分词几乎都可以用作定语，修饰一个名词：
Mary is an appalling cook. 玛丽做饭很糟糕。
Those relations of his are boring people. 他那些亲属是些讨人嫌的人。
The experiment was an amazing success. 那项试验是一个惊人的成功。
That is the least convincing excuse you could offer. 那是你能提出的最没有说服力的理由。
It was an astonishing performance. 这是一场令人惊讶的演出。
That's a frightening thought. 这是一个可怕的想法。
There is a page missing from this book. 这本书缺了一页。
He's a promising new painter. 他是一位很有希望的新画家。
That must have been a terrifying experience. 那准是一段可怕的经历。
I found nothing amusing in the streets. 我在街上没发现什么趣事。
I found him a charming person. 我发现他是一个讨人喜欢的人。
I have had rather a depressing time. 我有过一段相当压抑的时期。
Acid rain has a devastating effect on the environment. 酸雨对环境有破坏性的影响。
It was a distressing situation for them. 对他们来说这是个痛苦的局面。
I have long thought of it as the most enchanting village in the area. 我长久以来都认为它是这地区最迷人的村庄。
It's the most exciting news. 这是最激动人心的消息。
He's a most interesting man. 他是个非常有趣的人。
What a shocking waste of time! 这样浪费时间真令人震惊！
It was a thrilling development. 这是令人激动的发展。
I've had a tiring day. 我累了一天。
2) 还有一些不及物动词的现在分词，不能用作表语，却可用作定语：
the ailing economy 不景气的经济
a booming town 日渐繁荣的城市
dwindling profits 日益减少的利润
increasing demand 日益增长的需求
growing doubts 越来越大的怀疑
diminishing returns 日益减少的效益
the existing conditions 现有条件
the prevailing fashion 盛行的时装
the remaining days 剩下的岁月
lasting peace 持久的和平
a shining example 光辉的榜样
the leading newspapers 主要报纸
developing countries 发展中国家
the ruling class 统治阶级
a falling star 流星
the ageing population 日益老化的人口
living things 有生命的东西
the reigning champion 当前的冠军
the rising generation 在成长的一代
a resounding victory 辉煌的胜利
3) 这类定语和构成合成词的动名词是有区别的。现在分词往往表示所修饰名词的动作，而动名词表示目的、用途等。试比较下面内容：
用现在分词作定语 由动名词构成的合成词
* * *
* * *
flying sauces (=a sauce that flies) 飞碟 flying suit (a suit one wears when flying)飞行服
sleeping beauty 睡美人 sleeping-pills 安眠药片
the waiting crowd 等候的人群 the waiting room 候机（车）室
a walking dictionary 活字典 a walking stick 手杖
running water 自来水 running track 跑道
the working personnel 员工 working conditions 工作条件
a living language 活的语言 living standard 生活水平
4) 现在分词还可构成合成形容词作定语：
long-lasting effects 长远的影响
long-standing policy 传统政策
close-fitting clothes 紧身服
a man-eating beast 吃人的野兽
a good-looking girl 漂亮姑娘
a hard-working teacher 勤奋的教师
far-reaching designs 远大的计划
never-ending work 没完没了的工作
a time-consuming job 费时的工作
an easy-going man 好说话的人
a record-breaking jump 破纪录的一跳
an epoch-making event 划时代的事件
earth-shattering news 震撼世界的新闻
labor-saving device 节省劳力的装置
oil-bearing crops 油料作物
fine-sounding words 动听的言辞
5) 现在分词（短语）还可用在名词后作定语，作用接近一个定语从句：
a. Here is a leaflet giving (＝that gives) full particulars of the plan. 这里有一份介绍这计划全部细节的宣传单。
This village is made up of 490 families belonging (＝who belonged) to five nationalities. 村子里有四百九十户人家，分属五个民族。
China stretches across a vast area covering (＝which covers) the cold, temperate and tropical zones. 中国幅员辽阔，包括寒带、温带和热带。
We are brothers sharing (＝who share) weal and woe. 我们是患难与共的兄弟。
They plan to build a highway leading (＝which lead) into the mountains. 他们计划修一条公路通往山区。
b. Who is the woman talking (＝who is talking) to Jim? 和吉姆交谈的女人是谁？
There were 220 children studying (＝who were studying) in the art school.有二百二十个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。
There are a few boys swimming (＝who are swimming) in the stream. 有几个男孩在小溪里游水。
There is a car waiting (＝which was waiting) outside. 有一辆小汽车在外边等着。
The girl sitting (＝who was sitting) next to me was my cousin. 坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。
