VII Go to Bristol 第七章 去布里斯托尔途中.15
Their hydrangeas were coming into flower. 他们的绣球花正在绽放。
The treaty will come into force next month. 条约下月生效。
The spring term had come to an end. 春季学期结束了。
The old building was falling into pieces. 那座老楼要崩塌了。
He rose to his feet to reply to the speech of welcome. 他站起身答谢欢迎词。
Stand at attention! 立正！
Don't stand on ceremony. 不要客气。
Soon he went to sleep. 不一会儿他就睡着了。
She went to pieces when she heard her daughter was in the hospital. 听说女儿住院，她精神崩溃了。
Don't fall into bad habits. 不要养成坏习惯。
在这类结构中虽然介词后有宾语，但整个成语却接近于一个不及物动词，后面没有句子宾语，为了方便列在这里，放在13.2.3节后也可以。
4) 不及物动词+副词+介词（11）：
We shouldn't look down on this work. 我们不应当看不起这种工作。
The children were eagerly looking forward to the party. 孩子们都急切盼望着这个晚会。
Look out for snakes. 当心蛇。
The window looks out on the flower-beds. 窗子面对着花坛。
He will carry on with his plan. 他将继续推行他的计划。
We must catch up with them. 我们必须赶上他们。
The teacher came down on me for talking in class. 因为我在课堂上讲话老师批评了我。
Many Congressmen came (cried) out against the bill. 许多国会议员表示反对这项法案。
This town dates back to Roman times. 这座城市罗马时代就有了。
They have done away with this barbarous custom. 他们破除了这个野蛮的习俗。
We must face up to our difficulties. 我们必须勇敢地面对困难。
He doesn't feel up to the job. 他感觉不能胜任这项工作。
这类成语动词有时可用于被动结构：
They are looked down on by everyone. 谁都瞧不起他们。
The day had been looked forward to for a month. 这个日子大家已盼望了一个月了。
These privileges must be done away with. 这些特权应当废除。
The truth has to be faced up to. 必须正视事实。
5) 及物动词+名词+介词（12）：
Pay attention to your grammar. 注意你的语法。
I'll take care of it. 我来料理此事。
A bad workman finds fault with his tools. 拙匠常怪工具差。
We've lost touch with him. 我们和他失去了联系。
Suddenly he caught sight of Mary. 突然他瞧见了玛丽。
The depression gave rise to wide spread unemployment. 经济萧条引起了广泛的失业。
The book soon found favour with the American public. 这书很快受到美国公众的欢迎。
The naughty boy takes great delight in pulling the dog's tail. 那调皮男孩喜欢拉狗尾巴。
She always takes particular notice of me. 她总是特别注意我。
He made friends with the other boys. 他和其他男孩子交了朋友。
Then he gave place to a younger man. 后来他把位置让给了一个较年轻的人。
He made no reference to Peter. 他没有提到彼得。
这类成语动词也可用于被动结构：
The matter has never been paid attention to (No attention has ever been paid to this matter). 这问题从来没被注意过。
No reference was made by anyone to the past. 没有任何人提到过去。
Preparations are being made for the sports meet. 运动会的准备工作正在进行。
She's well taken care of. 她受到很好的照顾。
6) 及物动词+自身代词+介词（13）：
Finally he avenged himself on the enemy. 最后他向敌人报了仇。
He had to accustom himself to the cold weather here. 他得让自己习惯于这里的寒冷天气。
Help yourself to some more meat (vegetable). 再吃点肉（蔬菜）吧。
He applied himself to the task before him. 他致力于眼前的工作。
He availed himself of the opportunity to speak to her. 他利用这机会和她说话。
She abandoned herself to despair. 她陷入绝望之中。
She dedicated herself to conserving our natural resources. 她致力于保护我们的自然资源。
He devoted himself to helping the poor. 他献身于帮助穷人的工作。
She has to familiarize herself with the use of the new tool. 她得让自己熟悉新工具的用法。
I must accommodate myself to your plan. 我必须使自己适应你的计划。
They no longer troubled themselves about him. 他们不再为他烦心了。
You must reconcile yourself to a life of hardship and poverty. 你必须让自己安于一种艰难困苦的生活。
13.3.5 主语+及物动词+不定式（作宾语）
1) 有大量及物动词可以跟不定式作宾语（14）：
Someone is asking to see you. 有人要求见你。
We can't afford to pay such a price. 我们出不起这样高的价钱。
I can't bear to see you like this. 我不忍看你这个样子。
I didn't expect to find you here. 我没想到在这里看见你。
He decided to move to Chicago. 他决定搬到芝加哥去。
They demanded to see my passport. 他们要求验看我的护照。
She longed to be back in England. 她渴望回英国。
She hated to lose her temper. 她不愿发脾气。
He offered to lend me some books. 他主动提出借我几本书。
He promised to see her home. 他答应送她回家。
You must try to improve. 你必须设法改进。
I don't wish to leave my mother. 我不愿意离开我母亲。
关于这种结构可参阅第12.1.4节。
2) 有些动词后可用连接副词（代词）和不定式一道构成宾语（15）：
You must learn when to give advice and when to be silent. 你得学会什么时候出主意什么时候沉默。
He explained how to use the parachute. 他讲解了如何使用降落伞。
Ask him where to go. 问他该往哪里走。
I don't know who to ask advice from. 我不知道该向谁请教。
I must think what to do. 我必须考虑怎么办。
He was wondering whether to follow her or to go upstairs. 他不知道该跟她走还是该上楼。
He forgot which way to go. 他忘了该走哪条路。
I discovered how to start the machine. 我弄懂了该怎样启动这台机器。
13.3.6 主语+及物动词+动名词（作宾语）（16）
Would you mind waiting a few minutes? 可否劳驾等几分钟？
Why have they delayed opening the new school ? 他们为什么推迟开办这所新学校？
I can't imagine lying like this, I would go crazy. 我不能想象这样躺着，我会发疯的。
I don't recommend buying that dictionary. 我不建议买那本字典。
I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。
I propose resting for half an hour. 我建议休息半小时。
Do you like reading novels? 你喜欢看小说吗？
She could not help feeling depressed. 她禁不住感到抑郁。
关于这种结构可参阅第12.2.3节。
13.3.7 主语+及物动词+that引导的从句（作宾语）（17）
1) 有大量动词可以跟that引导的从句作宾语（that有时可省略）：
I guess we'll leave now. 我想我们得走了。
Andrew heard that they were shortly leaving for South Africa. 安德鲁听说他们不久要去南非。
I hope that I have said nothing to pain you. 我希望我没说什么使你难过的话。
They proved that the earth was round. 他们证明地球是圆的。
I learn that he is in business in Boston. 听说他在波士顿做生意。
I felt I had little energy left. 我感觉一点力气都没有了。
We have to admit that he's a highly competent man. 我们得承认他是一个非常称职的人。
She never doubted that she was right. 她从未怀疑过她是对的。
He estimated that the vase was 3,000 years old. 他估计这花瓶已存在三千年了。
He claimed that he saw the accident. 他声称他目睹了这次车祸。
关于哪些动词后可跟这种成分作宾语，可参阅第21.4.1节。
2) 在某些动词后，从句中谓语（在美国）要用动词原形，在英国多用“should+动词原形”构成谓语（用动词原形的人也不少）：
I suggest that we (should) leave early for the airport. 我建议我们早点动身去机场。
She insisted that I (should) be present. 她坚持要我出席。
They demanded that the right to vote (should) be given to every adult. 他们要求给予每个成年人以选举权。
I'd recommend (that) you see a solicitor. 我建议你去找律师。
He proposed that we go into the city to see her. 他建议我们进城去找她。
He requested that they free the hostages. 他请求他们释放人质。
The situation requires that I (should) be there. 形势要求我待在那里。
Mrs. Godwin urged that he see her. 戈德温夫人敦促他去见她。
He asked that the message be given to Madame immediately. 他要求把这电报立即送给夫人。
I ordered (commanded) that we (should) attack at once. 我命令我们立即发起进攻。
13.3.8 主语+及物动词+连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句（18）
1) 有不少动词后面可跟连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句：
I didn't know where they had gone. 我不知道他们到哪里去了。
This shows how much she sympathized with him. 这说明她多么同情他。
Do you see now why I did it? 你现在明白我为什么这样做了吗？
He asked when we would be in London. 他问我们什么时候到伦敦。
I don't care what they say. 我不在乎他们说什么。
You can discuss which is his best poem. 你们可以讨论哪是他最好的诗。
I don't remember when that happened. 我不记得这事是什么时候发生的。
He just said how he looked at it. 他只是说了他对这事的看法。
She described how all this had happened. 她描述了这一切是怎样发生的。
Can you tell which is which? 你能分辨它们吗？
2) 也有些动词后可以跟由连词whether或if引导的从句：
I wonder whether (if) you could give me some advice. 不知你可否给我出点主意。
She asked if (whether) she might call and see me. 她问她可否来看我。
I'll see whether I can find time to do it. 我会留意是否能挤出时间做这事。
I don't know whether you like these patterns. 我不知道你是否喜欢这些图案。
I'll find out if she's interested in going. 我会搞清楚她是否有兴趣去。
3) 有些宾语从句由关系代词型的what及whatever这类词引导（19）：
I'll tell you what I hear. 我将告诉你我听到的事。
They criticized what he had done. 他们批评了他做的事。
I'll do what I can. 我将尽力而为。
He could not express what he felt. 他无法表述内心的感受。
You can eat whatever you like. 你可以吃你喜欢的任何东西。
Whatever he does, he does well. 他无论做什么都做得很好。
He can marry whomever he chooses. 他愿意和谁结婚就可以和谁结婚。
Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。
13.4 第三类句型——主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
13.4.1 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+名词（20）
这类句型主要有三种：
1) 某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语：
She gave me her telephone number (gave a job to John). 她给了我她的电话号码（派给约翰一件工作）。
He handed me the letter (the letter to me). 他把信递给了我。
Please throw me the key (the key to me). 请把钥匙扔给我。
They awarded her a special scholarship. 他们颁发给她一份特别奖学金。
They never denied us assistance. 他们从不拒绝给我们帮助。
He assigned the students a few books to read. 他指定了几本书给学生读。
Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？
I owed him $ 50. 我欠他五十美元。
Please fax us your plans. 请把你们的计划传真给我们。
I'll phone her the news (the news to her). 我将打电话告诉她这消息。
2) 某些动词引起间接宾语可改为由for 引导的短语：
She sang us a folk song (a folk song for us). 她为我们唱了一首民歌。
I'll make you some fresh tea. 我去给你沏一点新茶。
She'll find you a situation. 她将给你找一份工作。
He bought himself a new suit. 他给自己买了一套新衣服。
He ordered them some children's books. 他为他们订购了一些儿童读物。
Can you play me some light music? 你能否给我放一点轻音乐？
Please choose me a good one. 请给我选一个好的。
That will save us a lot of trouble. 这会给我们省去许多麻烦。
Could you fetch me the evening paper? 你能否给我把晚报拿来？
She cooked us a delicious meal. 她给我们做了一顿可口的饭菜。
3) 有些动词后的间接宾语不能改为to或for引导的短语：
She flung him a scornful look (a scornful look at him). 她鄙夷地看了他一眼。
She still bore him a grudge (a grudge against him). 她仍对他怀有怨恨。
I envy you your good luck. 我羡慕你的好运。
They fined her $ 200. 他们罚了她两百美金。
Careless driving cost him his life. 开车马虎使他赔了性命。
She kissed her mother goodbye. 她吻别她的母亲。
I'll stay and keep you company. 我将留下来给你作伴。
I mean you no harm. 我对你没有恶意。
They forgave him his crimes. 他们宽恕了他的罪行。
The teacher set us a difficult problem. 老师给我们出了一道难题。
13.4.2 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+从句
1) 这类句子中的从句多数由that引导（that有时省略）（21）：
Tell him I'm out. 告诉他我不在家。
I'll call Betty and remind her that we are meeting at 8. 我将给贝蒂打电话，提醒她我们八点钟碰头。
Our teacher notified us that there would be a test on Monday. 老师通知我们星期一有测验。
She informed me that she was to send for it the next day. 她通知我她将在第二天派人来取它。
He assured the passengers that there was no danger. 他向乘客保证没有危险。
I promise you I'll never conceal anything any more. 我答应你我决不会再隐瞒什么。
He instantly convinced himself that it was so. 他立即让自己相信情况就是如此。
She wrote Tom that she was coming to Paris. 她写信给汤姆说她要到巴黎来。
I have warned him that it is not allowed. 我警告过他这是不允许的。
She persuaded them that she had done right. 她使他们相信她做得对。
2) 也有些从句由连接副词（代词）或连词whether（if）引导（22）：
Can you inform me where Miss Green lives? 你可否告诉我格林小姐住在哪里？
I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here tonight. 我无法告诉你我今晚在这里多高兴。
She asked me what time it was. 她问我什么时间。
Write me how you got through. 写信告诉我你怎样通过考试的。
Show me where your leg hurts. 告诉我你的腿哪儿疼。
He taught us why we should love our country. 他教导我们为什么要热爱祖国。
Please advise me whether (if) I ought to go with them. 请告诉我是否应当和他们一道去。
3) 有时从句也可由关系代词型的what或whatever引导（23）：
Show me what you bought. 把你买的东西给我看看。
I'll tell you what I read in today's paper. 我来告诉你我在今天报上看到的消息。
Give me what books you have on the subject. 把你有关这问题的书全都给我。
Tell me whatever you know about it. 把你知道的一切都告诉我。
13.5 第四类句型——主语+系动词+表语
13.5.1 主语+系动词+形容词（24）
这是最常见的句型之一，共有下面几种情况：
1) 有些系动词表示处于某种状态：
"How are you?" "I'm fine." “你好么?”“我挺好。”
She felt a bit dizzy. 她感到有点头晕。
You're not looking very well. 你气色不太好。
The dish smells good. 这盘菜闻起来不错。
The medicine tastes awful. 这药难吃极了。
The report sounds true. 这报道听起来是真实的。
He seemed quite normal. 他显得很正常。
She appeared calm. 她看上去很镇静。
2) 有些系动词表示状态的改变或证明如何：
Gradually he became silent. 慢慢地他安静了下来。
When she saw this, she turned red. 看到这她脸红了。
The weather is getting quite warm. 天气变得相当暖和。
The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。
She went pale at the news. 听见这消息，她脸色变得苍白。
Things will come right in the end. 情况最后会变好的。
When he saw this, his blood ran cold. 看到这情景，他不寒而栗。
He has fallen ill. 他生病了。
His advice proved sound. 他的告诫证明是对的。
3) 有些系动词表示状态的继续：
She remained comparatively calm. 她保持相对镇静。
They stayed awake to see the eclipse. 他们熬夜来看月蚀。
Jennie, alone, kept silent. 只有珍妮保持沉默。
His temper continued very uncertain. 他的脾气仍然喜怒无常。
This law holds good. 这项法律依然有效。
4) 有些系动词后面可跟现在分词（a）或过去分词（b）（其中很多已变成形容词）：
a． This food looks inviting. 这食物看上去令人垂涎。
Those chocolates smell tempting. 那些巧克力闻起来很诱人。
The results of the explosion were appalling. 爆炸的结果很可怕。
She remained standing for a good hour. 她足足站了一个钟头。
His theory sounds convincing. 他的理论听起来很有说服力。
She seemed lacking in enthusiasm. 她似乎缺乏热情。
b． She always seems pleased, happy and contented. 她总是显得开心、幸福和满足。
He felt troubled and distressed. 他感到很烦恼痛苦。
She didn't look convinced. 她显得不太信服。
He nearly got hit by that car. 他差点被那辆车撞了。
After a time I grew dissatisfied with the work. 过了一段时间我对这工作感到不满起来。
The boundary question remained unsolved. 边界问题仍然没有解决。
关于这种用法可参阅第12.3.2节和12.4.2节。
5) 在个别不及物动词后也可跟一形容词作表语：
The prisoner broke free. 囚犯越狱出逃。
The soldiers have returned safe and sound. 士兵们平安无事地回来了。
The morning dawned bright. 这天早晨天亮时天气晴朗。
Many talented people died young. 许多有才华的人年纪轻轻就夭亡了。
She sat motionless with horror. 她吓得一动不动呆坐在那里。
The rent falls due today. 房租今天该交了。
I stand prepared to dispute it. 我准备好对它提出质疑。
Ten others lay wounded there. 另外十个人受了伤躺在那里。
He played dead. 他躺下装死。
这类表语接近于一个状语。
13.5.2 主语+系动词+名词（代词）（25）
1) 有许多系动词后面可跟名词（代词）作表语：
That girl was my fiancée (me). 那女孩是我的未婚妻（我）。
His dream has at last become a reality. 他的梦想终于成为现实。
He used to be a teacher till he turned writer. 他过去是教师后来成了作家。
He stood there and felt a stranger. 他站在那里，觉得自己像个陌生人。
We can remain friends. 我们可以继续做朋友。
She looks a grown-up young woman now. 现在她看起来像个大姑娘了。
The affair rests a mystery. 这件事一直是个谜。
He appeared a fool. 他看上去像个傻瓜。
It seems to me a very marvellous book. 这在我看来是一本很出色的书。
It sounds a good idea. 这听起来是个好主意。
He fell (a) victim to her charms. 他成了她媚力的俘虏。
2) 有少数其他动词后面也可跟名词作表语：
He died a martyr at his post. 他殉职了。
I still stand your friend. 我仍然是你的朋友。
From these debates the Prime Minister emerged victor. 在这些辩论中首相获胜。
They parted the best of friends. 他们分手时是最要好的朋友。
Don't act the fool. 别发傻了。
She often played the great lady. （玩耍时）她经常假扮贵妇人。
3) 有些名词可作表语，意思接近于形容词：
He was all attention (sweetness). 他聚精会神（非常和蔼可亲）。
She was all tears (smiles). 她泪流满面（满面笑容）。
He is skin and bones. 他骨瘦如柴。
All this is no use. 这一切都没用。
They are the same size (age). 它们大小相同（他们年龄相同）。
I am not fool enough to believe that. 我没傻到相信这个。
What colour is your shirt? 你的衬衫什么颜色？
What nationality is this man? 这人是哪国人？
13.5.3 主语+系动词+副词（26）
1) 动词be可跟许多副词作表语：
Is Helen in? 海伦在家吗？
I have been out for a walk. 我出去散步了。
But I've got to be off now. 不过现在我得走了。
I'll see if he is around. 我会留意他在不在附近。
