VII Go to Bristol 第七章 去布里斯托尔途中.20
I'm not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。
I'm very much afraid that she won't come. 我很担心她不来。
Much to my surprise she forgot our meeting. 令我很吃惊的是她把我们的约会忘了。
c． 和形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用：
You sing much better than me. 你比我唱得好多了。
Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。
That was much the best meal I've had for a long time. 这是好久以来我吃过的最最好的一顿饭了。
d． 和how, so, too等词连用：
How much do you like him? 你喜欢他到什么程度？
He would so much like to go. 他会很想去的。
She is much too busy to see visitors. 她实在太忙，不能会客。
15.1.6 疑问副词、连接副词和关系副词
1) 疑问副词：
疑问副词用来引导特殊问句：
how：
How is your grandmother's rheumatism? 你奶奶的风湿病怎样了？
How long ago was it? 这是多久以前的事？
How do we get to the town center from here? 我们从这里怎么到市中心？
where：
Where did you study medicine? 你在哪儿学医的？
Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人？
Where does this affect us? 这对我们有什么影响？
when：
When can you come? 你什么时候能来？
When did you hear about it? 你什么时候听说这事的？
When is the contract effective from? 合同什么时候开始生效？
why：
Why was she so late? 她为什么来得这样晚？
Why didn't you come by plane? 你为什么没坐飞机来？
Why not go by taxi? 为什么不坐出租车去？
2) 连接副词：
连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样，但都引导从句或与不定式连用：
how：
That's how I look at it. 这是我的看法。（引导表语从句）
Tell me how you're getting on. 告诉我你进展如何。（引导宾语从句）
How all this happened was a mystery. 这一切怎么发生的是个谜。（引导主语从句）
Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？（引导不定式短语）
where：
I don't know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。（引导宾语从句）
It's none of your business where I stay. 我住哪儿不干你的事。（引导主语从句）
I can't decide where to go for my holidays. 我不能决定去哪里度假。（引导不定式短语）
when：
Tell me when you'll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。（引导宾语从句）
When she'll be back depends on the weather. 她什么时候回来得看天气。（引导主语从句）
Tell me when to use this construction. 告诉我什么时候用这种结构。（引导不定式短语）
why：
That's why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。（引导表语从句）
Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是个谜。（引导主语从句）
I'll tell you why you have to study grammar. 我将告诉你为什么要学语法。（引导宾语从句）
3) 关系副词：
关系副词用来引导关系从句：
where：
We then moved to Paris, where we lived for 6 years. 此后我们搬到巴黎，在那里住了六年。
This's the hotel where we stayed last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。
There's one point where I'dlike your advice. 有一点我想征求你的意见。
when：
There came a day when the rain fell in torrents. 有一天下起了倾盆大雨。
At the time when I saw him, he was well. 我见到他那时，他身体还不错。
I'll never forget his surprise when we told him. 我永远不会忘记我们告诉他时他的惊讶表情。
why：
The reason why he came is not very convincing. 他来的理由不太有说服力。
That is the reason why I came so early. 这就是我来得这样早的原因。
Can you tell me the reason why you are so unhappy? 你能告诉我你这样不高兴的原因吗？
关于这类关系从句请参阅第22.3.1—22.3.3节。
15.1.7 句子副词
1) 有些副词并不修饰动词，而是修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法：
Frankly I'm afraid your mother will be a little disappointed. 坦率地说，我担心你妈会有点失望。
Evidently he was sensitive on this topic. 显然他对这个话题很敏感。
Luckily, she was in when I called. 幸好我去时她在家。
I can't come, unfortunately. 真不巧，我来不了。
Hopefully we'll win. 但愿我们能赢。
Honestly, I don't know. 真的，我不知道。
Interestingly, consumer spending has increased. 说也有趣，消费额增加了。
Surprisingly, she has married again. 令人惊讶的是，她又结婚了。
Seriously now, you ought to take more care of your health. 说真的，你应当多注意身体。
常见的这类副词有：
2) 有少数副词可以和enough连用，起同样的作用：
I thought it would rain, and sure enough it did. 我想天会下雨，结果果然如此。
Oddly enough I had no doubt that he would be glad to see me. 说也奇怪，我毫不怀疑他会高兴见我。
Curiously enough he had never seen the little girl. 说也奇怪，他从未见过这个小姑娘。
He's lived in France for years, but strangely enough he can't speak a word of French. 他在法国住了好多年，但说也奇怪他一句法语都不会讲。
Interestingly enough, this proportion has not increased. 说也有趣，这个比例并未增加。
Funnily enough, I met her only yesterday. 说来真怪，我昨天还碰到她的。
Surprisingly enough, even petty larceny has seldom occurred. 说来也怪，连小偷小摸都很少发生。
15.1.8 一些其他类型的副词
除了以上这些类型的副词外，还有一些其他类型的副词，例如：
1) 表示方向的副词：
Let's go inside. 咱们到里面去。
Take two steps forward. 向前两步走。
He looked backwards. 他回头看了看。
Walk three blocks and then turn left. 走三个路段后往左拐。
Leaving the city, we headed north. 出城后我们向北走。
He walked a little further on. 他又往前走了一点。
2) 使与上文连接更紧的副词：
The rain was heavy—consequently the land was flooded. 雨下得很大，因此土地被淹了。
They therefore removed him from his position. 他们因此把他免职了。
She asked me to go, so I went. 她要我去，所以我就去了。
He was different, however, from the others. 不过他和别人不同。
Nevertheless, she decided to act. 尽管如此，她决定采取行动。
Jack ran for a doctor;meanwhile we stayed with the patient. 杰克忙跑去请医生，在此期间我们守护着病人。
Besides, I want you to promise me one thing. 此外我还要你答应我一件事。
3) 表示“方？”的副词：
They suffered economically as a result of that policy. 由于那项政策，他们在经济上受了损失。
Financially we are doing quite well. 在经济方面我们情况良好。
It's politically short-sighted not to recognize this. 不认识这一点在政治上是短视的。
I feel morally obliged to help them. 我在道义上有责任帮助他们。
Theoretically you are right, but things may not work like that in fact. 在理论上你是对的，但事实上情况可能不会这样。
She was far beneath him socially. 她的社会地位远比他低。
15.2 副词在句中的作用
15.2.1 副词作状语
1) 副词最主要的作用是作状语，可修饰动词（a），也可修饰动词的非谓语形式（b）：
a． She welcomed us warmly. 她热情地欢迎我们。
He'll be here directly. 他一会就到这里来。
He behaved very coolly in this dangerous situation. 在这险境中他表现得很冷静。
They spoke very highly of him. 他们对他评价很高。
Have you seen her lately? 你最近见到她了吗？
He was justly punished. 他受到了应得的惩处。
b． Her little girls are always prettily dressed. 她的小女孩们总是打扮得漂漂亮亮的。
She promised to see me home. 她答应送我回家。
Excuse me for coming back. 原谅我又回来了。
Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again. 失败两次后他不想再试了。
He seemed much agitated. 他似乎很不安。
Greatly disappointed, she went home. 大失所望之下，她回家去了。
2) 也可修饰形容词（a）或副词（b）：
a． We were terribly lucky to find you here. 我们很幸运在这里找到了你。
He is slightly lame. 他腿稍稍有点瘸。
I'm quite happy here. 我在这里很高兴。
It was a pretty poor imitation. 这是一件很粗劣的复制品。
b． Pretty soon the lilacs would be in bloom. 丁香花很快就要开了。
The summer passed too quickly. 夏天过得太快了。
He didn't work hard enough. 他不够用功。
Can you explain it more simply? 你能解释得更简单些吗？
3) 还可修饰整个句子：
Naturally, she's attached to the place. 当然她很喜欢这个地方。
Sure I will come. 肯定我会来。
Normally we go to bed at ten. 通常我们十点上床睡觉。
Ironically, he became ill on the day of his marriage. 具有讽刺意味的是，他结婚那天病倒了。
Miraculously, no one was killed. 真是奇迹，竟没有人丧生。
Hopefully, we'll meet again on Thursday. 希望咱们星期四再见面。
15.2.2 副词作表语
1) 大部分副词小品词（即与介词同形的副词）都可用作表语：
Mary was down with a slight fever. 玛丽有点发烧。
The light is still on. 电灯还亮着。
I'll be along in a minute. 我一会儿就来。
Are the children back yet? 孩子们回来了吗？
He'll be round this afternoon. 他今天下午就来。
Are you through (with your work)? 你干完了吗？
Is Staley about? 斯坦利在附近吗？
He hid the jewels when nobody was by. 他趁没人时把首饰藏了起来。
The storm was over before the morning. 天亮前暴风雨停了。
He isn't up yet? 他还没起床？
Her office is just above. 她的办公室就在上面。
His leave is up tomorrow. 他的假期明天结束。
We're behind in our plan. 我们落在计划后面了。
I must be off now. 我得走了。
2) 另外一些副词也有这样用的：
Communications were back to normal at noon. 午时通讯恢复正常。
I shall be home around five o'clock. 我将在五点左右到家。
I haven't been away from home before. 我以前从未离开过家。
The holidays will soon be here. 假期很快就要来临。
The bedrooms are upstairs. 卧室在楼上。
Have you been abroad before? 你以前出过国吗？
It's just there—under your book. 它就在那儿，在你的书下面。
15.2.3 副词的其他用法
副词还有一些其他用法，如：
1) 作定语：
Please forward my letters to the above address. 请把我的信转到上面的地址。
Write your name in the place below. 把你的名字写在下面空格中。
We had to get off and take the bus behind. 我们只得下车，换乘后面的巴士。
The buildings around were badly damaged. 周围的建筑物都受到了严重的损坏。
There is a good show on at the Calladium. 在卡来登剧院有一场精彩的演出。
Take the up escalator. 坐往上去的电梯。
Tickets are cheaper during the off season. 淡季机票便宜一些。
I hope you'll enjoy your stay here. 希望你在这儿住得愉快。
2) 作宾语的补语（一起构成复合宾语）：
I'm pleased to see you back. 看到你回来我很高兴。
I asked her in (over to my house). 我请她进来（到我家来）。
Keep your coat on if you feel cold. 如果你觉得冷可以穿着大衣。
I'm having a tooth out tomorrow. 我明天要拔一颗牙。
He'll never let you down;he's reliable. 他很可靠，决不会拆你的台。
I want it back right now, plus the interest. 我要你现在就还，外加利息。
Could you put me through to the manager? 能帮我接通经理的电话吗？
She doesn't know how to put her ideas across. 她不知道该怎样讲清楚自己的意思。
3) 还可构成成语动词：
We leave off work at five o'clock. 我们五点钟下班。
Some flowers give off their richest fragrance at night. 有些花夜间散发出最浓郁的香味。
The roses will come out next week. 玫瑰下星期就要开花了。
The actors were making up when we arrived. 我们到达时演员正在上装。
Some try to get on by making up to the boss. 一些人设法拍老板马屁来往上爬。
He will carry these aims through to the end. 他将把这些目标贯彻到底。
关于成语动词请参阅第13.3.4节。
15.3 副词的比较级和最高级
15.3.1 副词的比较级和最高级形式
1) 副词和形容词一样，也有比较级和最高级形式。但单音节词和少数双音节词可以加词尾的方法构成比较级和最高级（a），双音节词和多音节词大多以加more和most的方法构成比较级和最高级（b）：
原级 比较级 最高级
* * *
* * *
* * *
* * *
a． hard harder hardest
fast faster fastest
late later latest
early earlier earliest
b． quickly more quickly most quickly
strongly more strongly most strongly
carefully more carefully most carefully
efficiently more efficiently most efficiently
副词的比较级和最高级也有不规则的形式：
原级 比较级 最高级
* * *
* * *
* * *
well better best
badly worse worst
little less least
much more most
far farther,further farthest,furthest
15.3.2 副词比较级的用法
1) 单独使用：
Try to do better next time. 下次争取干好一点。
I had seen the film only a few days earlier. 我是几天前才看的这部电影。
He'll come back sooner or later. 他迟早会回来的。
Please speak more slowly. 请讲慢一点。
I determined not to travel farther that night. 我决定那天晚上不再往前走了。
Let's talk more another time. 改天我们再多聊聊。
Can't you stay longer? 你不能再多呆一会吗？
She did not argue further about it. 她没进一步争论此事。
He should speak less and listen more. 他应当少说多听。
She was determined to work harder in future. 她决心以后更用功一些。
2) 和than一起使用：
He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。
He works less than he used to. 他工作的时间比过去少了。
Can you do (any) better than that? 你能不能干得好一些？
We went farther than we meant to. 我们比原来打算的走得更远了些。
He behaved even worse than he did before. 他的表现比过去还差。
Gray loathed him more than ever. 格雷比过去更讨厌他了。
He arrived earlier than usual. 他到得比平时早。
I go there more frequently than she does. 我去那里比她勤。
Perhaps they like you better than me. 或许他们喜欢你胜过喜欢我。
He studied the subject further than I do. 这问题他研究得比我深入。
3) 比较级前有时可有状语修饰：
You must work much faster. 你必须大大加快干活的速度。
He walked no further. 他没再往前走。
She could dance even more gracefully than a dancer. 她能比舞蹈演员跳得还美。
Helen came late, but her sister came still later. 海伦来晚了，而她妹妹来得更晚。
They walked three miles farther (on). 他们往前又走了三英里。
China is a little further south than the U.S. 中国比美国稍微靠南一点。
We reached the destination two days earlier than the others. 我们比别人早两天到达目的地。
She works a lot harder than before. 她工作比过去努力多了。
You speak English far more fluently than the others. 你讲英语比其他人流利得多。
Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快一点来吗？
15.3.3 as...as和not so...as结构
这两个结构也可结合副词使用：
1) as...as可用在肯定句中，表示“像…一？”，后面的副词要用原级：
She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑得像鹿一样快。
They work as hard as you do. 他们工作像你一样努力。
You can stay there as long as you want. 在那儿你爱待多久都行。
I hate him as much as you do. 我像你一样恨他。
You know all this as well as I do. 这一切你和我一样了解。
I'll be round as quick as I can. 我将尽快过来。
She sings as sweetly as a nightingale. 她唱歌像夜莺一样甜美。
She loved me as much as her own child. 她待我像亲生孩子。
2) 在否定句中，as...as和so...as都可以用：
I don't go there as much as I used. 我现在到那里不像过去那么多了。
I didn't do as (so) well as I should. 我做得不如我应做的那么好。
I don't think he can speak English as well as an Englishman. 我认为他英文讲得没有英国人好。
I can't jump so (as) high as Bill. 我跳高不如比尔。
I don't like it so (as) well as your other works. 我喜欢它不及你的其他作品。
He doesn't snore so (as) loudly as you do. 他打呼噜没你厉害。
3) 这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语：
I don't speak half as (so) well as you. 我讲得不及你一半好。
She can read twice as fast as he does. 她的阅读速度比他快一倍。
The substance reacts three times as fast as the other one. 这种物质的反应速度是另一种物质的三倍。
15.3.4 副词最高级的用法
副词最高级可修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词the：
I shall give a prize to the pupil who reads best. 我将给朗读最好的学生发一份奖品。
He laughs best who laughs last. （谚）谁笑在最后谁笑得最好。
Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我们四人中我唱得最差。
Of these sports, I like rowing most. 这些运动中我最喜欢划船。
Of all your CDs, I like that one least. 你所有的激光唱盘中，我最不喜欢那一张。
He went (the) farthest of the explorers. 这些探险家中他走得最远。
He likes painting best of all. 他最喜欢绘画。
Who arrived (the) earliest of all? 谁到得最早？
During the famine, the poor people suffered (the) worst. 在饥荒期间，穷人受苦最深。
The burden fell most heavily on these people. 这些人的负担最沉重。
She behaved most generously. 她表现得最大方。
15.3.5 副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法
副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中：
1) more and more 越来越…：
It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了。
Indeed, she liked him more and more. 的确她越来越喜欢他了。
Now we see it more and more clearly. 现在我们对这看得越来越清楚了。
He played the piano better and better. 他钢琴弹得越来越好了。
She went farther and farther away. 她越走越远了。
Easter is drawing nearer and nearer. 复活节越来越近了。
2) the more...the more 越…，越…：
The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成得就越多。
The more I thought, the more extraordinary did it appear. 我越想，这事就越显得离奇。
The better I knew him, the more I liked him. 我对他了解越深就越喜欢他。
The more we are together, the merrier we will be. 我们越多在一起就越高兴。
3) had better最好：
We'd better not disturb him. 我们最好不要打扰他。
What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办？
I think I'd better be going. 我想我最好还是走。
(Had) better not wait for them. 最好别等他们了。
4) know better than (to) do something懂得不宜做某事：
You ought to know better than to go out without an overcoat on such a cold day. 你应当懂得这样冷的天不穿大衣出去可不行。
You ought to know better than stay away from school. 你该知道不应当逃学。
He knew better than to mention this to her. 他知道不宜向她提及此事。
5) think better (of)改变主意，决定不这样做：
He was going to leave school, but later he thought better of it. 他打算退学，但后来改变了主意。
