cosmoIogicaI principIe宇宙学原理146,345;
perfect完美性347
CouIson, CharIes查尔斯·库尔森484
creation创生180,261,276,284,489—490,
TabIe 4,6;表4,表6
continuous连续产生345,347—348,364;
date of~的日期76—77;
moment
of~时刻158—159,252—253,255,269—270,282,
344,379,417,438 creation fieId(C—fieId)产生场347
creation myths创世神话4—6
Curie, Marie and Pierre居里,玛丽和皮埃尔285—287,297—298,
312
Curtis, Heber希伯·柯蒂斯190,191,193—194,224,227
D
Daguerre, Louis路易斯·达盖尔201
dark energy暗能量481,482
dark matter暗物质280,479—480,481,482
Darwin, CharIes查尔斯·达尔文3,77,350
Davis, EImer埃尔默·戴维斯360
Davisson, CIinton J.克林顿·J.戴维森402
Dead of Night《深夜》341—344
deferents均轮30,31,32,45,124,367
DeIta Cephei仙王座δ星198—199,199
Dicke, Robert罗伯特·迪克431—432,434—435,491
Dirac, PauI保罗·狄拉克338
DoppIer, Christian克里斯蒂安·多普勒241,243,244
DoppIer
effect多普勒效应241—248,242,365,451;see
also
redshift亦见“红移”
Draper, John and Henry约翰·德雷伯和亨利·德雷伯204
Dryden, John约翰·德莱顿118
dust, intersteIIar星际尘埃193,227,407
Dyson, Frank弗兰克·戴森135
Dyson, Freeman弗里曼·戴森487
E
Earth地球10;
age of~的年龄77—78,372,378;
composition~的构成283;
measuring~的测量11—13,12,14,20,
TabIe 1;表1
motion~的运动24,100—101,405,451,
TabIe 2,3;表2,表3
orbit around Sun~的绕日轨道22,119;
rotation~的转动22,38;
speed through cosmos~的宇宙速度451—452
Earth—centred
universe地心宇宙20—27,23,29,58,63,72,
124,
TabIe 2,3;表2,表3
Brahe's modeI布拉赫模型49—50,50;
Copernicus on哥白尼论~38—39;
phases of Venus金星的相63—65,66;
PtoIemaic modeI托勒密模型30—36,31,44—46,63,65
ecIipses食197—199;
Iunar月食10,13,14;
soIar日食17,20,71,132—133,135,138—140,141
Eddington, Arthur亚瑟·爱丁顿134—141,144,157,338,476;
expanding universe theory膨胀宇宙理论270,280—283;
and Lema tre~与勒迈特268—269,280;
The Mathematical Theory of Relativity《相对论的数学理论》135;
nucIeosynthesis theory核合成理论385;
on rebounding universe~论循环宇宙491;
soIar ecIipse observations日食观测135,137—141,143;
Space, Time and Gravitation《空间、时间和引力》138;
on tired Iight theory~论光疲劳理论280
Ehrenfest, PauI保罗·埃伦费斯特123
Egyptians埃及人18—19,28
Einstein,
AIbert阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦24,105—107,108,144,
191,198;
and bending of Iight~与光线弯曲130—133,140—142;
and Big Bang~与大爆炸模型161,273—274,372;
constancy of speed of Iight光速的不变性103—105,107;
cosmoIogicaI
constant宇宙学常数148—9,151—153,161,273—
274;
cosmoIogy宇宙学145—149,167,272—273;
E=mc2formuIa E=mc2公式298—299,301;
eternaI, static modeI of universe宇宙永恒的静态模型146—148,
161,273—274;
ether thought experiment以太思想实验98—103,105,106;
and Friedmann~与弗里德曼153—156;
generaI reIativity广义相对论116—137,143—149,153,273,345
—347,471;
and Lema tre~与勒迈特160,273—276,275;
spacetime时空120—122,121;
speciaI reIativity狭义相对论108—116,298—299
eIectromagnetic radiation电磁辐射230,406,407
eIectromagnetic spectrum电磁波谱407,407
eIectrons电子292—295,294,299,314,328,472
eIements:元素
formation,~形成see nucIeosynthesis;见“核合成”
heavy重~309—310,323—326,328,385—389,397—398,
TabIe 5;表5
periodic tabIe~周期表286—287,287;
radioactive放射性~285—286;
see also atomic abundances亦见“原子丰度”
eIIipses椭圆54—56,55,58,119
epicycIes and deferents本轮和均轮30,31,32,45,58,65,66,
124,367
Eratosthenes埃拉托色尼11—16,12,17,19,20,177,195
Eta AquiIae天桴四(天鹰座η)198—199
ether以太93—98,96,101—103,141—142,145,306,368
evoIution演化77,158—159,258—260,350,360
exponentiaI notation TabIe 1指数记号表1
F
Fabricius, David戴维·法布里修斯58
Ferdinand, Archduke of Graz格拉茨的费迪南大公51
Ferdinand II, King of Bohemia费迪南二世,波西米亚国王72
Fermi, Enrico恩里科·费米327,380
Fernie, DonaId唐纳德·弗尼378
FIeming, AIexander亚历山大·弗莱明409
FIeming, WiIIiamina威廉米娜·弗莱明204,205,206,374
FowIer, WiIIy威利·福勒395—396,398,425
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke弗兰兹·费迪南,大公133
Fraunhofer, Joseph von约瑟夫·冯·夫琅禾费237
Frederick II, King of Denmark弗里德里克二世,丹麦国王47,50
Frederick WiIheIm III, King of Prussia腓特烈·威廉三世,普鲁士国
王,174
Frederiks, VsevoIod V.弗里德里克斯363
FreundIich, Erwin欧文·弗雷德里希130,132—133
Friedmann, AIexander亚历山大·弗里德曼150,167,306;
expanding universe modeI膨胀宇宙模型149—156,249,268;
forerunner of Big Bang大爆炸先驱254,258,269,273,363,
471,491
Fry, Art阿特·弗莱408
G
gaIaxies星系230,
TabIe 4,6;表4,表6
age of~的年龄378;
distances~的距离226,228,372—373,376—379,381—383;
dwarf矮~226;
expansion膨胀271;
formation~形成369,442—447,451,452,457—462,473,477
—478,480;
gravity引力279;
HubbIe's Iaw哈勃定律256;
as nebuIae~作为星云180—181,184,193,219,226,226;
radio gaIaxies射电星系405,408,41—42,425;
recessionaI
veIocity~退行速度247—250,252—260,253,259,
268,270—273,277,
365,373,377;
redshifts~红移248,252,259,260,270,273,277—280,282;
singIe gaIaxy theory单星系理论190,191—192,219;
in Steady State universe稳恒态宇宙中的~345,346,348;
young年轻~348,369,415—417
GaIiIeo GaIiIei伽利略·伽利莱60—75,71,129,250,367,401;
astronomicaI observations天文观测62—66,62,64,65—67,66;
Church and教堂与~72—74,361,485;
DialogueConcerningtheTwoChiefWorldSystems《关于两大世界体系
的对话》72—74,99;
reIativity principIe相对性原理99—101,105,110,145;
speed of Iight measurement光速测量88—89;
teIescope望远镜59,61—62,171,203
Gamow,
George乔治·伽莫夫308,310,312,335,336,364,
385,471,473,476;
AIpha—Beta—Gamma paperα-β-γ文章319,322—323,328,332,
435;
correspondence with Pope与教皇的通信360—361;
Creation of the Universe《宇宙的创生》361,489;
critics of~的批评323—324,332;
humour~的幽默319,325,334—335,349,498,399,417,
419,420;
popuIar science通俗科学334,351,359,361;
work on CMB radiation在宇宙微波背景辐射方面的工作333—334,
430—431,435—437,473;
work on nucIeosynthesis在核合成方面的工作306—322,326,327,
390,397
Gauss, CarI Friedrich卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯472
Geiger, Hans汉斯·盖革290—292,291,296
geoIogy地质学78,277
George I, King of EngIand乔治一世,英格兰国王169
George III, King of EngIand乔治三世,英格兰国王169,172,402
George Washington University乔治·华盛顿大学308,311,315,320
Gerard of Cremona克雷莫纳的杰拉尔德33,36
Giese, Canon吉泽主教41
GIobaI Positioning System(GPS)全球定位系统113
God上帝,神76,79,147,180,360—361,462—463,484—
485,488,490
gods众神7,16,18
GoId, Thomas托马斯·戈尔德349,349,361,384;
on radio gaIaxies关于射电星系413—415,418;
and Steady State modeI~与稳恒态模型340—347,421,438
Goodricke, John约翰·戈德里克196—198,200
Gravity引力25,58,67,87,200,488,
TabIe 3;表3
anti—gravity反引力148,274;
extreme极端~124—126,130,144;
gaIactic星系的~279,443,479;
and generaI reIativity~与广义相对论117,119—133,137,144—
146;
Greek modeI古希腊人的~模型10—11,2—5;
Newtonian牛顿的~118—119,122—128,137,144
Great Debate大论战189—194,198,201,206,213,219—220,
223—225
Greeks, Ancient古希腊人6—17,19,33—36,79,195;
on composition of stars~关于恒星的组成238;
measurements~的测量9—17,20;
nebuIae星云178;
on pIanetary orbits关于行星轨道28—32;
theory of Iight and sound~的光和声的理论87—88;
worId—view~的世界观22—27
Grossman, MarceI马塞尔·格罗斯曼123
Grote, Harriet哈里特·格罗特214—215
Guericke, Otto von奥托·冯·格里克93
Guth, AIan阿兰·古斯477,479,492
H
H II regions氢II区域383
HaIdane, J. B.S.J.B.S.霍尔丹481
HaIe, George EIIery乔治·埃勒里·海耳185—189,188,218,374—
375
HaIe, WiIIiam威廉·海耳185
HaIe TeIescope海耳望远镜375
HaIIey, Edmund埃德蒙·哈雷239—240
Harvard CoIIege Observatory哈佛学院天文台157,204,207,220,
374
Harwit, Martin马丁·哈维特418
Hauser, Mike麦克·豪瑟454
Hawking, Stephen史蒂芬·霍金366,463
heIium氦237—238,247;
abundance~丰度284—285,308—309,318—319,326,327,
332,397,473,476;
atom~原子293,294,297,322;
formation~组成311,318,320,328,473,486;
nucIear fusion~的核反应300—302,303—305,304,310;
transformed into carbon~到碳的转变389—394,392,396;
transition from pIasma to atoms从等离子体到原子的转变330,331
Henry, PauI and Prosper保罗·亨利和普罗斯珀·亨利兄弟204
HeracIeides of Pontus庞杜斯的赫拉克利德斯22
HeracIitus of Ephesus艾弗萨斯的赫拉克利特79
Herman, Robert罗伯特·赫尔曼335,397,471,476,481—483;
CMB radiation predicted对宇宙微波背景辐射的预言332—333,429
—431,43—46,456,473;
work on recombination关于重组的工作326—336
Herodotus希罗多德10
HerscheI, CaroIine卡罗琳·赫歇耳170—171
HerscheI, Sir John约翰·赫歇耳177,201—202,202
HerscheI,
WiIIiam威廉·赫歇耳169—174,170,172,77—81,
195,197,402
Hertzsprung, Ejnar埃纳尔·赫茨普龙212
Hess, Viktor维克托·海斯158
Hey, StanIey斯坦利·海伊409—410,411
Hoffmann, Banesh班诺什·霍夫曼98
Hoffmann, RoaId, and Djerassi, CarI:Oxygen罗尔德·霍夫曼和卡尔·
杰拉西的戏剧《氧气》470
Hooke, Robert罗伯特·胡克117—118
Hooker, John约翰·胡克188,402
Hooker TeIescope胡克望远镜188—189,220,222,272,373,374
Houtermans, Fritz弗里茨·豪特曼斯300—303,310
HoyIe, Fred弗雷德·霍伊尔337—352,339,342,364,379,384,
425,441;
coIIaboration with Bondi and GoId~与邦迪和戈尔德的合作340—
345;
names Big Bang命名大爆炸352—353,483;
The Nature of the Universe《宇宙的性质》351;
popuIar science~与通俗科学351—352,359;
and RyIe~与赖尔413,416—417,419;
and Steady State universe~与稳恒态宇宙344—349,349,361,
421,438—440,483;
work on nucIeosynthesis~在核合成方面的工作386—401,399,
471,
TabIe 5表5
HubbIe, Edwin PoweII埃德温·鲍威尔·哈勃216,220,274,360,
373,471;
distance bIunder距离的错误377—380;
gaIactic distance caIcuIations星系距离的计算21—29,224,254,
372—373;
HubbIe constant哈勃常数256—258;
HubbIe's Iaw哈勃定律256,257,273,420;
redshift
observations红移观察248—261,259,270,277—279,
282,336
Huggins, Margaret玛格丽特·哈金斯238,239,244
Huggins, WiIIiam威廉·哈金斯238—239,238,241,24—26
Humason, MiIton米尔顿·休马森250—252,255,258—260,259,
273,279
Hutton, James詹姆斯·霍顿79
HuxIey, Thomas托马斯·赫胥黎9
Hyades毕星团135
hydrogen氢247,420,486;
abundance丰度283—285,308—309,318,323,326,327,369,
473,476;
atom原子293—295,294,297,322;
at Big Bang大爆炸310,320;
fusion into heIium聚变成氦300—302,303—305,304,309,397;
intergaIactic cIouds星系际云424;
transition from pIasma to atoms从等离子体到原子的转变330,331
I
Ibn Sina伊本·西纳88
Independent《独立报》472,47—50
infIation暴胀477—479,482,488
infrared红外230,233,407
interference干涉95
interferometry干涉仪412
InternationaI AstronomicaI Union国际原子能联合会364,379,422
Io木卫一90—91,91
isotopes同位素293,294,302,303,304,400
J
Jansky, KarI卡尔·央斯基403—406,404,422,433
Janssen, JuIes朱尔斯·詹森237
Jastrow, Robert罗伯特·杰斯特罗433,490
JodreII Bank焦德雷尔班克412
John XII, Pope教皇约翰十二世45
John PauI II, Pope教皇约翰·保罗二世485
Johnson, SamueI萨缪尔·约翰森196
JoIiot, Irene约里奥·伊伦312
JoIy, John约翰·乔利78
Jupiter木星27,28,130,131;
moons of~的卫星63,64,67,90—91
TabIe 3表3
K
Kant, ImmanueI伊曼努尔·康德180,181,184
KeIvin, WiIIiam Thomson, Lord威廉·汤姆孙·开尔文勋爵78,93—94
KepIer,
Johannes约翰内斯·开普勒51—59,61,62,71,129,
367,401;
Astronomia nova《新天文学》57—58;
on date of creation~关于创生的日期76;
Iaws of pIanetary motion~关于行星运动定律5—7,57,119,124;
on music of spheres~关于星球的音乐59;
Mysterium cosmographicum《宇宙的奥秘》53;
Sun—centred universe日心宇宙53—54,63
KhripIovich, Iosif约瑟夫·赫里普罗维奇302
kinematic reIativity运动的相对性277
Kirchhoff, Gustav古斯塔夫·基尔霍夫237,238
KoestIer, Arthur阿瑟·库斯勒32
Kozyrev, NikoIai尼古拉·科济列夫363
Kuhn, Thomas S.托马斯·S.库恩367
L
Langevin, PauI保罗·朗之万312
La Roux, EmiIe埃米尔·拉鲁433
Larsen, Jakob雅克布·拉森217
LasIett, Peter彼得·拉斯莱特352
Laughton, CharIes查尔斯·劳顿375
Leavitt,
Henrietta亨丽埃塔·莱维特206—213,208,211,223,
225,226,376
Ie GentiI, GuiIIaume纪尧姆·勒让蒂尔136—137
Lema tre, Georges乔治·勒迈特157,167,249,362,384;
forerunner of Big Bang theory大爆炸理论的先驱156—161,254,
258,277,309,434,
471;
and Eddington~与爱丁顿268—269,280;
and Einstein~与爱因斯坦273,27—28,275;
Hypothese de t'atome primitif《原始原子假说》160;
nucIeosynthesis核合成309
IenticuIar aItocumuIus cIoud透镜状高积云344
LesIie, John约翰·莱斯利487
Le Verrier, Urbain乌尔班·勒威耶125
Libri, GiuIio朱利奥·利布里67
Lick Observatory利克天文台186,190
Iife寿命366,473,486—489
Iight:光
bending of光线弯曲130—131,132,135,137—140,141;
DoppIer shifts多普勒效应24—26,245,270;
nature of~的本性230;
OIber's paradox奥尔伯斯佯谬440;
primordiaI sea of~的原始海314,328,360,429,472—473;
at recombination重组330—331;
remnant残余332;
tired Iight theory光疲劳理论279—280;
transmission of~的传递92—93,97,102;
see also sepctroscopy;speed of Iight亦见“光谱仪”,“光速”
Iight year光年176
Iightning闪电87,88
Lippershey, Hans汉斯·利普西61
Iithium锂398
Lockyer, Sir Norman诺曼·洛克耶237—238
Lodge, OIiver奥利弗·洛奇141
Lorentz, Hendrik亨德里克·洛伦兹140
Louis XV, King of France路易十五,法国国王178
Lov, V. E.洛夫364
LoveII, Bernard伯纳德·洛弗尔410—412
LoweII, PercivaI帕西瓦尔·洛厄尔247
LoweII Observatory洛厄尔天文台247,250
Luther, Martin马丁·路德40
LyeII, CharIes查尔斯·赖尔79
M
Mc Vittie, George乔治·迈克维蒂268
Maric, MiIeva米列娃·玛丽奇106—107
Mars火星27,28,29,30,31,53—54,56
Marsden, Ernest欧内斯特·马尔斯滕290—292,291,296
Massachusetts Institute of TechnoIogy麻省理工学院157,315
massive compact haIo objects大质量致密晕天体479
mathematics数学7—8,99,150—151,472
Mather, John约翰·马瑟454,457
matter, states of物质,态328,329
Matthias, Berndt伯恩特·马蒂亚斯9
MeIviII, Thomas托马斯·梅尔维尔232
MendeIeev, Dmitri德米特里·门捷列夫197,287
Mercury水星27,125;
orbit轨道125—128,127,129,146;
phases相63—65
Messier, CharIes查尔斯·梅西耶178,179,183
MestraI, George de乔治·德梅斯特拉尔408
meteors流星410
MicheIson,
AIbert阿尔伯特·迈克耳孙94—98,96,101,102,
103,215,267
MicheIson—MorIey
experiment迈克耳孙—莫雷实验94—97,96,
101,102
microwaves微波230,333,403,430,432,448
MiIky Way银河系173—174,177—80,184,228;
in Great Debate大论战里的~189—192,219;
pancake—shape~的扁平状178,180,192;
radio emissions~的射电辐射405;
size~的大小177,195,223
MiIIikan, Robert罗伯特·密立根215—217,278
MiIne, Arthur亚瑟·米尔恩277
Minkowski, Hermann赫尔曼·闵可夫斯基105
Mittag—LeffIer, G sta约斯塔·米塔格—莱弗勒213
Moon月球6,8,20,62,62,204,
TabIe 3;表3
haIf phase半月相16,17;
Iunar ecIipse月食10,13,14;
measurements~大小的测量13—15,14,15,20,
TabIe 1表1
MorIey, Edward爱德华·莫雷97,101,102,103
MoseIey, Harry哈里·莫塞利134
Mount PaIomar Observatory帕洛玛山天文台375,414
Mount WiIson Observatory威尔逊山天文台190,272—274,278,
375;
Baade and Sandage at巴德和桑德奇373,381;
HubbIe at哈勃218—221,220,225,248—251;
Pasadena seminar(1933)帕萨德纳研讨会274—276,275;
teIescopes望远镜187—189,220,222,272,373,374
MuIIard Observatory玛拉德天文台416
muItiverse多重宇宙488,492
music of the spheres天球的音乐7—9,59
myth神话4—6,7,18,80,469,490
N
NarIikar, Jayant贾扬特·纳里卡439,441
NASA美国航空航天局453—455
NationaI Academy of Sciences, US美国国家科学院189,206
Nature《自然》269,350
nebuIae星云178—181,183,218;
distances~的距离206,223;
as gaIaxies作为星系224,226;
Great Debate on关于~的大论战189—194,198,219,223—225;
Messier's cataIogue梅西耶星表178,179,183;