1. “How Germany’s Otto Uses Artificial Intelligence,” The Economist, April 12, 2017, https://www.economist.com/news/business/21720675-firm-using-algorithm-designed-cern-laboratory-how-germanys-otto-uses.
2. Zvi Griliches, “Hybrid Corn and the Economics of Innovation,” Science 29 (July 1960): 275–280.
3. Bryce Ryan and N. Gross, “The Diffusion of Hybrid Seed Corn,” Rural Sociology 8 (1943): 15–24; and Bryce Ryan and N. Gross, “Acceptance and Diffusion of Hybrid Corn Seed in Two Iowa Communities,” Iowa Agriculture Experiment Station Research Bulletin, no. 372 (January 1950).
4. Kelly Gonsalves, “Google Has More Than 1,000 Artificial Intelligence Projects in the Works,” The Week, October 18, 2016, http://theweek.com/speedreads/654463/google-more-than-1000-artificial-intelligence-projects-works.
5. 有一场内容丰富、充满娱乐，但最终没有做出结论的激烈辩论，讨论赛伯计量分析师和球探究竟哪个表现比较好。就像奈特．席佛（Nate Silver）强调的，《魔球》类型的分析师与球探都扮演重要的角色。Nate Silver, The Signal and the Noise (New York: Penguin Books, 2015), chapter 3.
6. 你可能会反驳说，为了让预测机器改进，肯定需要过去的数据库吧？这是个微妙的问题。在增加新数据不会改变太多算法时，预测的作用最好，稳定性是良好统计产生的结果，这代表当预测本身正在演变时，你用回馈数据改善算法会最有价值。因此，如果优格需求突然间随着人口结构或其他流行出现改变，新的数据将帮你改善算法。不过，这样做的时候，那些变化也代表「旧数据」对预测的用处变少了。
7. Daniel Ren, “Tencent Joins the Fray with Baidu in Providing Artificial Intelligence Applications for Self-Driving Cars,” South China Morning Post, August 27, 2017, http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/2108489/tencent-forms-alliance-push-ai-applications-self-driving.
8. Ren, “Tencent Joins the Fray with Baidu in Providing Artificial Intelligence Applications for Self- Driving Cars.”
