1. 这里概略描述的适应与诱因理论来自Steven Tadelis, “Complexity, Flexibility, and the Make-or-Buy Decision,” American Economic Review 92, no. 2 (May 2002): 433–437.
2. Silke Januszewski Forbes and Mara Lederman, “Adaptation and Vertical Integration in the Airline Industry,” American Economic Review 99, no. 5 (December 2009): 1831–1849.
3. Sharon Novak and Scott Stern, “How Does Outsourcing Affect Performance Dynamics· Evidence from the Automobile Industry,” Management Science 54, no. 12 (December 2008): 1963–1979.
4. Jim Bessen, Learning by Doing (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2106).
5. 2016年，富国银行面临大规模诈骗的索赔，因为内部经理人受到奖励诱因，让顾客开立收费高昂的账户，并向客户收取手续费。
6. 这段讨论是根据Dirk Bergemann and Alessandro Bonatti, “Selling Cookies,” American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 7, no. 2 (2015): 259–294.
7. 一个例子是万事达卡顾问服务（Mastercard Advisors），利用万事达卡的大量数据提供各式各样的预测，从消费者诈骗到顾客维持率等。请见 http://www.mastercardadvisors.com/consulting.html.
