1. James Vincent, “Elon Musk Says We Need to Regulate AI Before It Becomes a Danger to Humanity,” The Verge, July 17, 2017, https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/17/15980954/elon-musk-ai-regulation-existential-threat.
2. Chris Weller, “One of the Biggest VCs in Silicon Valley Is Launching an Experiment That Will Give 3000 People Free Money Until 2022,” Business Insider, September 21, 2017, http://www.businessinsider.com/y-combinator-basic-income-test-2017-9.
3. Stephen Hawking, “This Is the Most Dangerous Time for Our Planet,” The Guardian, December 1, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/dec/01/stephen-hawking-dangerous-time-planet-inequality.
4. “The Onrushing Wave,” The Economist, January 18, 2014, https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21594264-previous-technological-innovation-has-always-delivered-more-long-run-employment-not-less.
5. 更多内容请见John Markoff, Machines of Loving Grace: The Quest for Common Ground Between Humans and Robots (New York: Harper Collins, 2015); Martin Ford, Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future (New York: Basic Books, 2016); and Ryan Avent, The Wealth of Humans: Work, Power, and Status in the Twenty-First Century (London: St. Martin’s Press, 2016).
6. Jason Furman, “Is This Time Different· The Opportunities and Challenges of AI,” https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/page/files/20160707_cea_ai_furman.pdf.
7. Claudia Dale Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz, The Race between Education and Technology (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009), 90.
8. Lesley Chiou and Catherine Tucker, “Search Engines and Data Retention: Implications for Privacy and Antitrust,” working paper no. 23815, National Bureau of Economic Research, http://www.nber.org/papers/w23815.
9. Google AdWords, “Reach more customers with broad match,” 2008.
10. 反托拉斯及其他围绕着算法、数据与AI可能意义的评论，可参考Ariel Ezrachi and Maurice Stucke, Virtual Competition: The Promise and Perils of the Algorithm- Driven Economy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016).有关算法本身或许可以浓缩成单一算法的见解，请参考Pedro Domingos, The Master Algorithm (New York: Basic Books, 2015).最后是Steve Lohr提供企业如何抢先取得投资数据而有策略优势的看法；Steve Lohr, Dataism (New York: Harper Business, 2015).
11. James Vincent, “Putin Says the Nation That Leads in AI ‘Will Be the Ruler of the World,’” The Verge, September 4, 2017, https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/4/16251226/russia-ai-putin-rule-the-world.
12. 分别为(1) Jason Furman, “Is This Time Different· The Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence” (remarks at AI Now, New York University, July 7, 2016), https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/page/files/20160707_cea_ai_furman.pdf; (2) Executive Office of the President, “Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and the Economy,” December 2016, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/documents/Artificial-Intelligence-Automation-Economy.PDF; (3) Executive Office of the President, National Science and Technology Council, and Committee on Technology, “Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence,” October 2016, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/whitehouse_files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/preparing_for_the_future_of_ai.pdf; (4) National Science and Technology Council and Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Subcommittee, “The National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan,” October 2016, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/whitehouse_files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/national_ai_rd_strategic_plan.pdf.
13. Dan Trefler and Avi Goldfarb, “AI and Trade,” in Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb, eds., Economics of AI, forthcoming.
14. Paul Mozur, “Beijing Wants AI to Be Made in China by 2030,” New York Times, July 20, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/20/business/china-artificial-intelligence.html·_r=0.
15. “Why China’s AI Push Is Worrying,” The Economist, July 27, 2017, https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21725561-state-controlled-corporations-are-developing-powerful-artificial-intelligence-why-chinas-ai-push·frsc=dg%7Ce.
16. Paul Mozur, “Beijing Wants AI to Be Made in China by 2030,” New York Times , July 20, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/20/business/china-artificial-intelligence.html·_r=0.
17. 同上。
18. Image 37 of Impact of Basic Research on Technological Innovation and National Prosperity: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Basic Research of the Committee on Science, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, September 28, 1999, 27.
19. “Why China’s AI Push Is Worrying.”
20. Will Knight, “China’s AI Awakening,” MIT Technology Review, November 2017.
21. Jessi Hempel, “How Baidu Will Win China’s AI Race—and Maybe the World’s,” Wired, August 9, 2017, https://www.wired.com/story/how-baidu-will-win-chinas-ai-raceand-maybe-the-worlds/.
22. Will Knight, “10 Breakthrough Technologies—2017: Paying with Your Face,” MIT Technology Review, March–April 2017, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/603494/10-breakthrough-technologies-2017-paying-with-your-face/.
23. Oren Etzioni, “How to Regulate Artificial Intelligence,” New York Times, September 1, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/01/opinion/artificial-intelligence-regulations-rules.html·_r=0.
24. Aleecia M. McDonald and Lorrie Faith Cranor, “The Cost of Reading Privacy Policies,” I/S 4, no. 3 (2008): 543–568, http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page·handle=hein.journals/isjlpsoc4&div=27&g_sent=1&casa_token=&collection=journals.
25. Christian Catalini and Joshua S. Gans, “Some Simple Economics of the Blockchain,” working paper no. 2874598, Rotman School of Management, September 21, 2017, and MIT Sloan Research Paper No. 5191-16, available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2874598.
26. Nick Bostrom, Superintelligence (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press,2016).
27. 最近有关这场辩论的精彩讨论，请见Max Tegmark, Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (New York: Knopf, 2017).
28. “Prepare for the Future of Artificial Intelligence,” Executive Office of the President, National Science and Technology Council, Committee on Technology, October 2016.
