1.··显然，这是他的标准观点。历史学家暨社会评论家小阿瑟．史列辛格（Arthur Schlesinger Jr.）在1964年说过很相似的话。参见：Papers of Robert S. McNamara, Library of Congress, Part L, folder 110, interview with Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., April 4, 1964, 16.
2.··Robert McNamara, In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam (New York: Times Books, 1995), 203.
3.··Clark Clifford with Richard Holbrooke, Counsel to the President: A Memoir (New York, Random House, 1991), 460.
4.··Rosabeth Moss Kanter, “Smart Leaders Focus on Execution First and Strategy Second,” Harvard Business Review (November 6, 2017).
5.··Alfred D. Chandler, Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprise (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1961), 22.
6.··Robert S. Kaplan and D. P. Norton, The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1996).
7.··Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton, “Focus Your Organization on Strategy—with the Balanced Scorecard,” Harvard Business Review (2005): 1–74.
