1 ?Charles Krauthammer, “Save Obama (on Trade),” Washington Post ,May 14, 2015.
2 ?Michael Wayland, “Sanders: Bad Trade Policies Killing Middle Class Jobs,”Detroit News , March 3, 2016; David Weigel and Lydia DePillis,“Voters Skeptical on Free Trade Drive Sanders, Trump Victories in Mich igan,”Washington Post , March 9, 2016; Binyamin Appelbaum, “On Trade, Donald Trump Breaks with 200 Years of Economic Orthodoxy,”New York Times , March 10, 2016; “Transcript: Donald Trump Expounds on His Foreign Policy Views,” New York Times , March 16, 2016.
3 ?Dave Jamieson, “Why Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump Won the Michigan Primaries,”Huffington Post , March 9, 2016.
4 ?John McCormick, “Free-Trade Opposition Unites Political Parties in Bloomberg Poll,”Bloomberg , March 24, 2016.
5 ?Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, FRED Economic Data, “All Employees: Manufacturing”; U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,January 2016” (press release), March 4, 2016.
6 ?Milton Friedman, “Free Trade,”Newsweek, Aug . 17, 1970; Friedman,Capitalism and Freedom , 71; Barry Eichengreen, “Keynes and Protec tion,” Journal of Economic History 44, no. 2 (June 1984): 363–73.
7 ?Matt Yglesias, “Here’s What Economists Cheering for the Pacifi c Trade Deal Are Missing,”Mother Jones , April 30, 2015; IGM Forum, “Free Trade,” University of Chicago Booth School of Business, March 13,2012.
8 ?Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom , 73; Paul Krugman, “What Should Trade Negotiators Negotiate About?,” Journal of Economic Literature 35(March 1997): 113.
9 ?Appelbaum, “On Trade.”
10 ?Daron Acemoglu et al., “Import Competition and the Great US Employ ment Sag of the 2000s,” Journal of Labor Economics 34, no. S1, pt. 2(Jan. 2016): S145.
11 ?Milton Friedman, “Do Imports Cost Jobs?,” Newsweek , Feb. 9, 1981.
12 ?Cohen and DeLong, Concrete Economics , chaps. 1, 4.
13 ?Congressional Budget Office, The Effects of NAFTA on U.S.-Mexican Trade and GDP , May 2003, 19; Robert E. Scott, “Heading South: U.S.Mexico Trade and Job Displacement After NAFTA” (Economic Policy Institute briefi ng paper 308, May 3, 2011); Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Cath leen Cimino, and Tyler Moran, “NAFTA at 20: Misleading Charges and Positive Achievements” (Peterson Institute for International Economics PB14-13, May 2014); Lorenzo Caliendo and Fernando Parro, “Estimates of the Trade and Welfare Effects of NAFTA,” Review of Economic Studies 82 , no. 1 (Jan. 2015): 3.
14 ?Caliendo and Parro, “Effects of NAFTA,” 3; Mark Weisbrot, Stephan Le febvre, and Joseph Sammut, “Did NAFTA Help Mexico? An Assessment After 20 Years,” Center for Economic and Policy Research, Feb. 2014.
15 ?John McLaren and Shushanik Hakobyan, “Looking for Local Labor-Mar ket Effects of NAFTA,”Review of Economics and Statistics (forthcoming), 6.
16 ?Acemoglu et al., “Import Competition,” S145–S147, S181.
17 ?Justin R. Pierce and Peter K. Schott, “The Surprisingly Swift Decline of US Manufacturing Employment,” American Economic Review 106, no. 7(July 2016): 1632–62.
18 ?David H. Autor, David Dorn, and Gordon H. Hanson, “The China Syndrome: Local Labor Market Effects of Import Competition in the United States,” American Economic Review 103, no. 6 (Oct. 2013): 2144–45.
19 ?David H. Autor, David Dorn, and Gordon H. Hanson, “The China Shock: Learning from Labor Market Adjustment to Large Changes in Trade” (National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 21906,Jan. 2016), 31–35, 37.
20 ?Lawrence Summers, “A Trade Deal Must Work for America’s Middle Class,”Financial Times , March 8, 2015.
21 ?Paul Krugman, “TPP at the NABE,”The Conscience of a Liberal (blog),New York Times, March 11, 2015.
22 ?Jason Furman, “Trade, Innovation, and Economic Growth” (remarks at the Brookings Institution, April 8, 2015), https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/20150408_trade_innovation_growth_brookings.pdf; Krauthammer, “Save Obama (on Trade)”; Roger Lowenstein, “TPP and Free Trade: Why Congress Should Listen to the World’s Richest Economist,” Fortune , June 22, 2015; N. Gregory Mankiw, “Economists Actually Agree on This: The Wisdom of Free Trade,”The Upshot (blog),New York Times, April 24, 2015.
23 ?Peter A. Petri and Michael G. Plummer, “The Economic Effects of the Trans-Pacific Partnership: New Estimates” (Peterson Institute for Interna tional Economics working paper 16-2, Jan. 2016), 20; Jeronim Capaldo and Alex Izurieta, “Trading Down: Unemployment, Inequality, and Other Risks of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement,” with Jomo Kwame Sundaram (Tufts University Global Development and Environment Institute working paper 16-01, Jan. 2016), 11, 17.
24 ?Dean Baker, “Fools or Liars on the Trans-Pacifi c Partnership?,”Truthout ,March 21, 2016.
25 ?Jing Luo and Aaron S. Kesselheim, “The Trans-Pacifi c Partnership Agree ment and Implications for Access to Essential Medicines,”Journal of the American Medical Association , Oct. 20, 2015, 1563–64.
26 ?See Elhanan Helpman, “Innovation, Imitation, and Intellectual Property Rights,”Econometrica 61, no. 6 (Nov. 1993): 1247–80.
27 ?Scott Sinclair, “Democracy Under Challenge: Canada and Two Decades of NAFTA’s Investor-State Dispute Settlement Mechanism,” Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2015, 32; Lori Wallach, “Public Interest Takes a Hit Even When Phillip [sic ] Morris’ Investor-State Attack on Australia Is Dismissed,” Huffington Post , Jan. 5, 2016; Alexander Hellemans, “Vattenfall Seeks $6 Billion in Compensation for German Nuclear Phase-Out,” IEEE Spectrum , Nov. 12, 2014; Todd Tucker,“TransCanada Is Suing theU.S. over Obama’s Rejection of the Keystone XL Pipeline: The U.S. Might Lose,”Monkey Cage (blog), Washington Post , Jan. 8, 2016.
28 ?Lise Johnson, Lisa Sachs, and Jeffrey Sachs, “The Real Danger in TPP,”CNN , Feb. 19, 2016; see also Joseph Stiglitz, “The Secret Corporate Takeover of Trade Agreements,”Guardian , May 13, 2015.
29 ?Christopher Ingraham, “Interactive: How Companies Wield Off-the-Re cord Infl uence on Obama’s Trade Policy,”Wonkblog (blog), Washington Post , Feb. 28, 2014.
30 ?Jared Bernstein, “Seeing Is Believing,” Democracy: A Journal of Ideas no. 38 (Fall 2015).
31 ?Simon Johnson and Andrei Levchenko, “The Trans-Pacific Partnership(《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》): This Is Not About Ricardo,”The Baseline Scenario (blog), May 21, 2015; Paul Krugman, “101 Boosterism,”The Conscience of a Liberal (blog), New York Times , April 20, 2016.
