弗朗索瓦·雅各布对日科学与夜科学的描写参见The Statue Within, trans. F. Philip (New York: Basic Books, 1988), 第296–97页。
对托马斯·亨特·摩尔根的探讨，参见两本传记：G. E. Allen, Thomas Hunt Morgan: The Man and His Science(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978); 和A. H. Sturtevant, Thomas Hunt Morgan(New York: National Academy of Sciences, 1959). 以及E. R. Kandel, “Thomas Hunt Morgan at Columbia: Genes, chromosomes, and the origins of modern biology,” pp. 29–35, 和E. R. Kandel, “An American century of biology,” pp. 36–39, 两文均出自Living Legacies: Great Moments in the Life of Columbia for the 250th Anniversary, fall 1999 issue of Columbia: The Magazine of Columbia University
沃森和克里克首次宣布他们的发现是在“Molecular structure of nucleic acids: A structure of deoxyribose nucleic acid,” Nature171 (1953): 737–38; 引文摘自第738页。参见J. D. Watson and F. H. C. Crick, “Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid,” Nature171 (1953): 964–67; J. D. Watson, The Double Helix(1968; reprint, New York: Touchstone/Simon & Schuster, 2001); 和J. D. Watson and A. Berry, DNA: The Secret of Life(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003). 后一本书是沃森的反思的出处（第88页）。薛定谔的观点出自E. Schrödinger, What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell. 1944. (Reprint, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1947).
本章其他信息参考了以下文献：
Avery, O. T., C. M. MacLeod, and M. McCarty. “Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: Induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from Pneumococcus Type III.” J. Exp. Med. 79 (1944): 137–58.
Chimpanzee Genome. Special issue on chimpanzees. Nature437, September 1, 2005.
Cohen, S. N., A. C. Chang, H. W. Boyer, and R. B. Helling. “Construction of biologically functional bacterial plasmids in vitro.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA70, no. 11 (1973): 3240–44.
Crick, F. H., L. Barnett, S. Brenner, and R. J. Watts-Tobin. “General nature of the genetic code for proteins.” Nature192 (1961): 1227–32.
Gilbert, W. “DNA sequencing and gene structure.” Science214 (1981): 1305–12.
Jackson, D. A., R. H. Symons, and P. Berg. “Biochemical method for inserting new genetic information into DNA Simian Virus 40: circular SV40 DNA molecules containing lambda phage genes and the galactose operon of Escherichia coli.” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA69 (1972): 2904–9.
Jessell, T. M., and E. R. Kandel. “Synaptic transmission: A bidirectional and a self-modifiable form of cell-cell communication.” Cell72/Neuron10 (Suppl.) (1993): 1–30.
Matthaei, H., and M. W. Nirenberg. “The dependence of cell-free protein synthesis in E. coliupon RNA prepared from ribosomes.” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 4 (1961): 404–8.
Sanger, F. “Determination of nucleotide sequences in DNA.” Science214 (1981): 1205–10.
