对于心脑二元论的探讨,参见P. S. Churchland, Brain Wise Studies in Neurophilosophy(Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002); A. R. Damasio, Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain(New York: Putman, 1994); R. Descartes, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, trans. E. S. Haldane and G. R. T. Ross, vol. 1 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1972); J. C. Eccles, Evolution of the Brain: Creation of the Self(London/New York: Routledge, 1989); 和M. S. Gazzaniga and M. S. Steven, “Free will in the twenty-first century: A discussion of neuroscience and the law,” in Neuroscience and the Law, ed. B. Garland (New York: Dana Press, 2004), 拉马钱德兰的那句话摘自第57页。
对于知觉中的无意识过程的探讨,参见C. Frith, “Disorders of cognition and existence of unconscious mental processes: An introduction,” in E. R. Kandel et al., Principles of Neural Science, 5th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, forthcoming).
对于自由意志的探讨,参见前一篇文献以及S. Blackmore, Consciousness: An Introduction(Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2004); L. Deecke, B. Grozinger, and H. H. Kornhuber, “Voluntary finger movement in man: Cerebral potential and theory,” Biol. Cyber. 23 (1976): 99–119; B. Libet, “Autobiography,” in History of Neuroscience in Autobiography, ed. L. R. Squire, vol. 1, 414–53 (Washington, D.C.: Society for Neuroscience, 1996); B. Libet, C. A. Gleason, E. W. Wright, and D. K. Pearl, “Time of conscious intention to act in relation to onset of cerebral activity (readiness-potential): The unconscious initiation of a freely voluntary act,” Brain106 (1983): 623–42; 和M. Wegner, The Illusion of Conscious Will(Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002).
柏拉图创立的位于雅典的学园,至今仍然存在⑥。我在2005年被其接纳为外籍院士!
本章其他信息参考了以下文献:
Bloom, P. “Dissecting the right brain.” Book review of The Ethical Brain, by M. Gazzaniga. Nature436 (2005): 178–79; 引文摘自第178页。
Crick, F. C., and C. Koch. “What is the function of the claustrum?” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 360 (2005): 1271–79.
Durnwald, M. “The psychology of facial expression.” Discover26 (2005): 16–18.
Edelman, G. Wider than the Sky: The Phenomenal Gift of Consciousness. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.
Etkin, A., K. C. Klemenhagen, J. T. Dudman, M. T. Rogan, R. Hen, E. R. Kandel, and J. Hirsch. “Individual differences in trait anxiety predict the response of the basolateral amygdala to unconsciously processed fearful faces.” Neuron44 (2004): 1043–55.
Kandel, E. R. “From nerve cells to cognition: The internal cellular representation required for perception and action.” In Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed., edited by E. R. Kandel, J. H. Schwartz, and T. M. Jessell, 381–403. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.
Koch, C. The Quest for Consciousness: A Neurobiological Approach. Denver, Col.: Roberts, 2004.
Lumer, E. D., K. J. Friston, and G. Rees. “Neural correlates of perceptual rivalry in the human brain.” Science280 (1998): 1930–34.
Miller, K. “Francis Crick, 1916–2004.” Discover26 (2005): 62.
Nagel, T. “What is the mind-brain problem?” In Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Consciousness, CIBA Foundation Symposium Series 174, 1–13. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1993.
Polonsky, A., R. Blake, J. Braun, and D. J. Heeger. “Neuronal activity in human primary visual cortex correlates with perception during binocular rivalry.” Nature Neuroscience3 (2000): 1153–59.
Ramachandran, V. “The astonishing Francis Crick.” Perception33 (2004): 1151–54; 引文摘自第1154页。
Searle, J. R. Mind: A Brief Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
———. “Consciousness: What we still don’t know.” Review of The Quest for Consciousness, by Christof Koch. New York Review of Books52 (2005): 36–39.
Stevens, C. F. “Crick and the claustrum.” Nature435 (2005): 1040–41.
Watson, J. D. The Double Helix. 1968. Reprint, New York: Touchstone, 2001; 引文摘自第115页。
Zimmer, C. Soul Made Flesh: The Discovery of the Brain and How It Changed the World. New York: Free Press, 2004.