[6] Robert M. Solow,“A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 70, no. 1（1956）:65 -94.
[7] Robert J. Barro and Xavier Sala-i-Martin, Economic Growth （New York: Mc GrawHill, 1995）.
[8] Robert Lucas,“Why Doesn't Capital Flow from Rich to Poor Countries?” American Economic Review 80, no. 2（1990）:92 -96.
[9] 保罗·罗默研究了1870年以来有数据可查的11个经合组织国家的情况。See Paul M. Romer,“Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth,” Journal of Political Economy 94, no. 5（1986）:1002 -1037.
[10] David Coe and Elhanan Helpman,“International R&D Spillovers,” European Economic Review 39, no. 5（1995）:859 -887.
[11] Philippe Aghion, Antonin Bergeaud, Timothee Gigout, Matthieu Lequien, and Marc Melitz,“Spreading Knowledge Across the World: Innovation Spillover through Trade Expansion,” unpublished manuscript, March 2019, https: //scholar. harvard. edu/ files/ aghion/ files/ spreading_knowledge_across_the_world. pdf.
[12] Daron Acemoglu, Philippe Aghion, and Fabrizio Zilibotti,“Distance to Frontier,Selection, and Economic Growth,” Journal of the European Economic Association 4, no. 1（2006）:37 -74.
[13] Jerome Vandenbussche, Philippe Aghion, and Costas Meghir,“Growth, Distance to Frontier and Composition of Human Capital,” Journal of Economic Growth 11,no. 2（2006）:97 -127.
[14] Philippe Aghion, Matthias Dewatripont, Caroline Hoxby, Andreu Mas-Colell, and André Sapir,“The Governance and Performance of Universities: Evidence from Europe and the US,” Economic Policy 25, no. 61（2010）:7 -59.
[15] 前沿企业是靠近技术前沿的企业，其生产率接近所在产业的领先水平。
[16] Fabrizio Zilibotti,“Growing and Slowing Down Like China,” Journal of the European Economic Association 15, no. 5（2017）:943 -988.
[17] See Zilibotti,“Growing and Slowing Down Like China.”
[18] Boubacar Diallo and Wilfried Koch,“Bank Concentration and Schumpeterian Growth: Theory and International Evidence,” Review of Economics and Statistics 100, no. 3（2018）:489 -501.
[19] Verluise, Cyril and Antonin Bergeaud（2019）,“The International Diffusion of Technology: a New Approach and Some Facts,” mimeo, College de France, 2019。自动专利图景方法可参阅: Abood, Aron and Dave Feltenberger（2018）,“Automated patent landscaping,” Artificial Intelligence and Law, 26（2）, pp.103 -125。
[20] Chang T. Hsieh and Pete Klenow,“Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 124, no. 4（2009）:1403 -1448.
[21] Chang T. Hsieh and Pete Klenow,“The Life Cycle of Plants in India and Mexico,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 129, no. 3（2014）:1035 -1084.
[22] Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, and Michael Peters,“Lack of Selection and Limits to Delegation: Firm Dynamics in Developing Countries” （NBER Working Paper No. 21905, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, January 2016）.
[23] 本节内容基于以下研究: Philippe Aghion, Sergei Guriev, and Kangchul Jo,“Chaebols and Firm Dynamics in Korea,” CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP13825, Center for Economic Policy Research, London, June 2019.
[24] Aghion, Guriev, and Jo,“Chaebols and Firm Dynamics in Korea”，该研究截至2003年，因为有数据可查的期间为1992—2003年。韩国的全要素生产率增速在2003年后放缓，这与其他发达国家的趋势（见第6章）基本同步。另外，或许是因为财阀企业后来重新掌握了权力。
