[6] See D. H. Autor, D. Dorn, and G. H. Hanson,“The China Syndrome: Local Labor Market Effects of Import Competition in the United States,” American Economic Review 103, no. 6（2013）:2121 -2168.中国进口产品在美国市场的渗透率等于中国进口产品价值占美国国内市场总销售额的比率。
[7] 在这一研究中，美国被划分为722个地方性劳动力市场。
[8] 该方法非常类似于有关中国进口对地方层面的就业与工资的影响的研究方法，唯一区别在于，这里是针对具体的企业。参见D. Autor, D. Dorn, G. H.Hanson, G. Pisano, and P. Shu,“Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation:Evidence from US Patents,” American Economic Review : Insights 2, no. 3（2020）:357 -374.
[9] David Autor及其合作者只考虑了Compustat数据库中包含的大企业。
[10] P. Aghion, A. Bergeaud, M. Lequien, M. Melitz, and T. Zuber,“Imports and Innovation: Evidence from French Firm-Level Data,” unpublished manuscript, 2020.
[11] 更普遍地说，相比美国，欧洲遭遇的中国进口冲击更多发生在上游产业。
[12] Aghion, Bergeaud, Lequien, Melitz, and Zuber,“Imports and Innovation.”
[13] 上游产业冲击具有正面效应，加上中国进口冲击在欧洲比在美国更多发生在上游产业，或许可以解释为什么有关研究（Bloom, Draca, and Van Reenen,“Trade Induced Technical Change?”）发现，从欧洲的数据看，中国进口冲击对创新总体上具有正面效应。
[14] A. Lileeva and D. Trefler,“Improved Access to Foreign Markets Raises Plant Level Productivity. .. for Some Plants,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 125,no. 3（2010）:1051 -1099.
[15] P. Aghion, A. Bergeaud, M. Lequien, and M. J. Melitz,“The Heterogeneous Impact of Market Size on Innovation: Evidence from French Firm-Level Exports”（NBER Working Paper No. 24600, National Bureau of Economic Research,Cambridge, MA, May 2018）.
[16] A. Flaaen, A. Horta?su, and F. Tintelnot,“The Production Relocation and Price Effects of U. S. Trade Policy: The Case of Washing Machines,” American Economic Review 110, no. 7（2020）:2103 -2127.
[17] U. Akcigit, S. T. Ates, and G. Impullitti, “Innovation and Trade Policy in a Globalized World”（NBER Working Paper No. 24543, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, April 2018）.
[18] M. J. Melitz,“The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity,” Econometrica 71, no. 6（2003）:1695 -1725.
