[4] See John M. Keynes,“Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren” （1930）, in Essays in Persuasion （New York: W. W. Norton, 1963; repr. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010）.
[5] Robert M. Solow,“We'd Better Watch Out,” New York Times, July 12,1987.
[6] See Timothy F. Bresnahan and Manuel Trajtenberg,“General Purpose Technologies‘Engines of Growth?’” Journal of Econometrics 65, no. 1（1995）:83 -108.我们建议读者参考如下著作中收录的各位作者的成果: E. Helpman, ed. ,General Purpose Technologies and Economic Growth （Cambridge, MA: MITPress,1998）.
[7] Boyan Jovanovic and Peter L. Rousseau,“General Purpose Technologies,” in Handbook of Economic Growth, ed. Philippe Aghion and Steven Durlauf, vol. 1,1181 -1224（Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005）.
[8] Elhanan Helpman and Manuel Trajtenberg,“Diffusion of General Purpose Techno logies,” in General Purpose Technologies and Economic Growth, ed. E. Helpman,85 -119（Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998）.
[9] 本节内容是以Paul David的主要观点为基础，参见Paul David,“The Dynamo and the Computer: An Historical Perspective on the Modern Productivity Paradox,” American Economic Review 80, no. 2（1990）:355 -361.
[10] Paul David,“The Dynamo and the Computer: An Historical Perspective on the Modern Productivity Paradox,” American Economic Review 80, no. 2（1990）:355 -361.
[11] Bergeaud, Cette, and Lecat, Le Bel Avenir de la croissance.
[12] Salome Baslandze,“The Role of the IT Revolution in Knowledge Diffusion,Innovation and Reallocation,”2016 Meeting Papers No. 1509, Society for Economic Dynamics, 2016.
[13] Eric Brynjolfsson and Shinkyu Yang,“Information Technology and Productivity:A Review of the Literature,” in Advances in Computers, ed. Marvin Zelkowitz,vol. 43（1996）:179 -214.
[14] See Joseph Zeira,“Workers, Machines, and Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 113, no. 4（1998）:1091 -1117; Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo,“Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets,” Journal of Political Economy 128, no. 6（2020）:2188 -2244; Philippe Aghion,Benjamin F. Jones, and Charles I. Jones,“Artificial Intelligence and Economic Growth” （NBER Working Paper No. 23928, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, October 2017）.
[15] Aghion, Jones, and Jones,“Artificial Intelligence and Economic Growth. ”
[16] Gravenor Henson, The Civil, Political, and Mechanical History of the Framework Knittersin Europeand America （Nottingham: Richard Sutton, 1831）,45.
[17] 但直至1832年的《改革法案》（Reform Bill），英国议会才不再受贵族大地主阶层的主导。
[18] Keynes,“Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren.”
[19] Wassily Leontief,“Machines and Man,” Scientific American 187, no. 3（1952）:150 -164.
[20] 对这些文献的更完整综述，可参见Philippe Aghion, Céline Antonin, and Simon Bunel,“Artificial Intelligence, Growth and Employment: The Role of Policy,” Economics and Statistics, 510 -511 -5（2019）:149 -164.
[21] 服务业也有这一数据，但高度综合，更难以做具体分析。
[22] Acemoglu and Restrepo,“Robots and Jobs.”
[23] Philippe Aghion, Celine Antonin, Simon Bunel, and Xavier Jaravel, “What Arethe Labor and Product Market Effects of Automation? New Evidence from France,” Working Papers, Observatoire Fran?ais des Conjonctures Economiques（OFCE）, January 2020.
[24] 定义来自Encyclopaedia Britannica （2015）,“Automation.”
