饭饭TXT > 学习管理 > 《自我的本质(出版书)》作者:[英]布鲁斯·胡德/译者:钱静【完结】 > 自我的本质.txt

第2章 狡猾的婴儿:我是社会摇篮中的我

作者:英-布鲁斯·胡德/译者:钱静 当前章节:12898 字 更新时间:2026-6-22 12:27

1 . J. Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (London, 1690).

2 . W. James, Principles of Psychology (New York, NY: Henry Holt, 1890).

3 . A. Gopnik, ‘What are babies really thinking ?’ (TED talk, 2011).

4 . R. Byrne and A. Whiten, Machiavellian Intelligence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988).

5 . N. Kanwisher, J. McDermott, and M. Chun, ‘The fusiform face area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for the perception of faces’, Journal of Neuroscience , 17 (1997), 4302–11.目前学术界对这个脑区的功能也存在争议,梭状回是只负责处理面部信息的特殊脑区,还是负责处理我们熟悉的某种物体的特殊脑区?鉴于我们生活中处理到的信息最丰富的物体就是人脸,我们有理由相信这个脑区就是为处理面部信息的复杂任务进化而来的。

6 . M. H. Johnson, S. Dziurawiec, H. Ellis and J. Morton, ‘Newborns’ preferential tracking for face-like stimuli and its subsequent decline’, Cognition , 40 (1991), 1–19.

7 . O. Pascalis, M. de Haan and C. A. Nelson, ‘Is face processing species-specific during the first year of life?’, Science , 296 (2002), 1321–23.

8 . Y. Sugita, ‘Face perception in monkeys reared with no exposure to faces’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA , 105 (2008), 394–98.

9 . R. Le Grand, C. Mondloch, D. Maurer and H. P. Brent, ‘Early visual experience and face processing’, Nature , 410 (2001), 890.

10 . M. Heron-Delaney, G. Anzures, J. S. Herbert, P. C. Quinn and A. M. Slater, ‘Perceptual training prevents the emergence of the other race effect during Infancy’, PLoS ONE , 6:5 (2011): e19858, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019858.

11 . A. N. Meltzoff and M. K. Moore, ‘Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates’, Science , 198 (1977), 75–8.

12 . P. F. Ferrari, E. Visalberghi, A. Paukner, L. Fogassi, A. Ruggiero and S. J. Suomi, ‘Neonatal imitation in rhesus macaques’, PLoS Biology , 4:9 (September 2006): e302, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040302.

13 . J. Panksepp, Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions (Series in Affective Science. NewYork, NY: Oxford University Press, 1998).

14 . D. Leighton and C. Kluckhohn, Children of the People; the Navaho Individual and His Development (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1947/69).

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16 . F. Strack, L. L. Martin and S. Stepper, ‘Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: A non-obtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 (1988), 768–77.

17 . R. E. Kraut and R. E. Johnston, ‘Social and emotional messages of smiling: An ethological account’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37 (1979), 1539–53.

18 . O. Epstein, G. D. Perkin and J. Cookson, Clinical Examination (Edinburgh: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2008), 408.

19 . S. H. Fraiberg, ‘Blind infants and their mothers: An examination of the sign system’, in M. Lewis and L. Rosenblum (eds), The effect of the Infant on Its Caregiver (New York, NY: Wiley, 1974 pp. 215–232).

20 . C. Darwin, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (London: John Murray, 1872).

21 . V. Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning (NewYork, NY: Simon and Schuster, 1959), 54–6.

22 . T. Anderson, Den of Lions (New York, NY: Ballantine Books, 1994).

23 . R. R. Provine, Laughter: A Scientific Investigation (New York, NY: Penguin 2001).

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29 . 很多文献都指出了新生儿对母亲的偏好。关于母亲的气味的文献可参见:J. M. Cernack and R. H. Porter, ‘Recognition of maternal axillary odors by infants’, Child Development , 56 (1985), 1593–8。关于母亲的脸庞的文献可参见:I. M. Bushnell, F. Sai and J. T. Mullen, ‘Neonatal recognition of the mother's face’, British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 7 (1989), 3–15。关于母亲的声音的文献可参见:A. J. DeCasper and M. J. Spence, ‘Prenatal maternal speech influences newborns’ perception of speech sounds’, Infant Behavior and Development , 9 (1986), 133–50。

30 . W. C. Roedell and R. G. Slaby, ‘The role of distal and proximal interaction in infant social preference formation’, Developmental Psychology , 13 (1977), 266–73.

31 . C. Ellsworth, D. Muir and S. Han, ‘Social-competence and person-object differentiation: An analysis of the still-face effect’, Developmental Psychology , 29 (1993), 63–73.

32 . L. Murray, A. Fiori-Cowley, R. Hooper and P. Cooper, ‘The impact of postnatal depression and associated adversity on early mother-infant interactions and later infant outcome’, Child Development , 67 (1996), 2512–26.

33 . H. R. Schaffer, The Child's Entry into a Social World (London: Academic Press, 1984).

34 . M. Lewis, ‘Social development’, in A. M. Slater and M. Lewis (eds) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).这是一篇很好的关于儿童早期社会发展的综述文章。

35 . K. Lorenz, ‘Die Angebornen Formen mogicher Erfahrung’, Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie , 5 (1943), 233–409.

36 . W. Fullard and A. M. Reiling, ‘An investigation of Lorenz's babyness’, Child Development , 50 (1976), 915–22.

37 . S. E. Taylor, The Tending Instinct (New York, NY: Henry Holt, 2001).

38 . S. Levine, D. F. Johnson and C. A. Gonzalez, ‘Behavioral and hormonal responses to separation in infant rhesus monkeys and mothers, Behavioral Neuroscience , 99 (1985), 399–410.

39 . M. C. Larson, M. R. Gunnar and L. Hertsgaard, ‘The effects of morning naps, car trips and maternal separation on adrenocortical activity in human infants’, Child Development , 62 (1991), 362–72.

40 . P. S. Zeskind and B. M. Lester, ‘Analysis of infant crying’, in L. T, Singer and P. S. Zeskind (eds), Biobehavioral Assessment of the Infant (New York, NY: Guilford, 2001), 149–66.

41 . Baby It's You: The First Three Years , Emmy Award-winning series produced by Wall to Wall for UK's Channel 4 (1994).

42 . J. Bowlby, Attachment and Loss , Vol. 1 Attachment (London: Hogarth Press 1969).

43 . R. A. Spitz, ‘Motherless infants’, Child Development , 20 (1949), 145–55.

44 . M. D. S. Ainsworth, ‘Infancy in Uganda: Infant care and the growth of love’, (Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press, 1967).

45 . M. D. S. Ainsworth, M. C. Blehar, E. Waters and S. Wall, Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbuam, 1978).

46 . M. H. van IJzendoorn and P. M. Kroonenberg, ‘Cross-cultural patterns of attachment: A meta-analysis of the strange situation’, Child Development , 59 (1988), 147–56.

47 . J. Kagan, ‘Temperament and the reactions to unfamiliarity’, Child Development , 68 (1997), 139–43.

48 . C. Hazan and P. Shaver, ‘Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 (1987), 511–24.

49 . J. A. Simpson, ‘Influence of attachment style on romantic relationships’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 59 (1990), 971–80.

50 . H. Lane, The Wild Boy of Aveyron (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979).

51 . J. M. G. Itard, An Historical Account of the Discovery and Education of a Savage Man or of the First Developments, Physical and Moral of the Young Savage Caught in the Woods Near Aveyron in theYear 1798 (London: Richard Phillips, 1802), 17.

52 . G. Bremner, Infancy (2nd ed., Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004), 2.

53 . P. E. Jones, ‘Contradictions and unanswered questions in the Genie case: A fresh look at the linguistic evidence’, Language and Communication , 15 (1995), 261–80.

54 . U. Firth, Autism: Explaining the Enigma (2nd ed., Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2003).

55 . D. E. Johnson, D. Guthrie, A. T. Smyke, S. F. Koga, N. A. Fox, C. H. Zeanah and C. A. Nelson, ‘Growth and associations between auxology, caregiving environment, and cognition in socially deprived Romanian children randomized to foster vs ongoing institutional care’, Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , 164 (2010), 507–516.

56 . M. Rutter, T. G. O'Connor and the English and Romanian Adoptees (ERA) Study Team, ‘Are there biological programming effects for psychological development? Findings from a study of Romanian adoptees’, Developmental Psychology , 40 (2004), 81–94.

57 . H. F. Harlow and M. L. Harlow, ‘The affectional systems’, in A. M. Schrier, H. F. Harlow and F. Stollnitz (eds), Behavior of Nonhuman Primates , vol. 2 (New York, NY: Academic Press, 1965).

58 . T. Field, M. Hernandez-Reif and J. Freedman, ‘Stimulation programs for preterm infants’, Social Policy Report , 18 (2004), 1–19.

59 . D. O. Hebb, ‘The effects of early experience on problem solving at maturity’, American Psychologist , 2 (1947), 306–7.

60 . J. T. Cacioppo, J. H. Fowler and N. A. Christakis, ‘Alone in the crowd: The structure and spread of loneliness in a large social network’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 97 (2009), 977–91.

61 . H. Ruan and C. F. Wu, ‘Social interaction-mediated lifespan extension of Drosophila Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mutants’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 105:21 (2008), 7506–10.

62 . R. S. Kempe and C. H. Kempe, Child Abuse (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978).

63 . D. G. Dutton and S. Painter, ‘Emotional attachments in abusive relationships. A test of traumatic bonding’, Violence and Victims , 8 (1993), 105–120.

64 . G. A. Morgan and H. N. Ricciuti, ‘Infants’ responses to strangers during the first year’, in B. M. Foss (ed.), Determinants of Infant Behaviour, vol. 4 (London: Methuen, 1967).

65 . A. N. Meltzoff, P. K. Kuhl, J. Movellan and T. J. Sejnowski, ‘Foundations for a new science of learning’, Science , 325 (2009), 284–8.

66 . A. N. Meltzoff, ‘Infant imitation and memory: Nine-month-olds in immediate and deferred tests’, Child Development , 59 (1988), 217–25.

67 . G. Gergely, H. Bekkering and I. Király, ‘Rational imitation of goal directed actions in preverbal infants’, Nature , 415 (2002), 755.

68 . A. N. Meltzoff and R. Brooks, ‘Self-experience as a mechanism for learning about others: A training study in social cognition’, Developmental Psychology , 44 (2008), 1257–65.

69 . S. Itakura, H. Ishida, T. Kanda, Y. Shimada, H. Ishiguro and K. Lee, ‘How to build an intentional android: Infants' imitation of a robot's goal-directed actions’, Infancy , 13 (2008), 519–32.

70 . V. Gallese, L. Fadiga, L. Fogassi and G. Rizzolatti, ‘Action recognition in the premotor cortex’, Brain , 119 (1996), 593–609.

71 . V. Gallese, M. A. Gernsbacher, C. Heyes, G. Hickok and M. Iacoboni, ‘Mirror Neuron Forum’, Perspectives on Psychological Science , 6 (2011), 369–407.

72 . This claim was made by the eminent neuroscientist Vilayanur Ramachandran and is related in C. Keysers, The Empathic Brain (Los Gatos, CA: Smashwords e-book, 2011).

73 . D. T. Neal and T. L. Chartrand, ‘Embodied emotion perception: Amplifying and dampening facial feedback modulates emotion perception accuracy’, Social Psychological and Personality Science (2011): doi:10.1177/1948550611406138.

74 . S.-J. Blakemore, D. Bristow, G. Bird, C. Frith and J. Ward, ‘Somatosensory activations during the observation of touch and a case of vision-touch synaesthesia’, Brain , 128 (2005), 1571–83.

75 . J. Ward, The Frog Who Croaked Blue: Synesthesia and the Mixing of the Senses (London: Routledge, 2008).

76 . M. J. Richardson, K. L. Marsh, R. W. Isenhower, J. R. L. Goodman and R. C. Schmidt, ‘Rocking together: Dynamics of intentional and un- intentional interpersonal coordination’, Human Movement Science , 26 (2007), 867–91.

77 . M. S. Helt, I.-M. Eigsti, P. J. Snyder and D. A. Fein, ‘Contagious yawning in autistic and typical development’, Child Development , 81 (2010), 1620–31.

78 . T. J. Cox, ‘Scraping sounds and disgusting noises’, Applied Acoustics , 69 (2008), 1195–1204.

79 . O. Sacks, The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (New York, NY: Harper Perennial, 1987), 123.

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