1.Steven Pinker, How the Mind Works (New York: Norton, 1997), 152– 53.
2. D. O. Hebb, The Organization of Behavior (New York: John Wiley & Sons,1949).
3. Henry Markram and Rodrigo Perrin, “Innate Neural Assemblies for Lego Memory,”Frontiers in Neural Circuits 5, no. 6 (2011).
4. 2012年2月19日与亨利·马克拉姆交流的电子邮件。
5. Van J. Wedeen et al., “The Geometric Structure of the Brain Fiber Pathways,” Science 335, no. 6076 (March 30, 2012).
6. Tai Sing Lee, “Computations in the Early Visual Cortex,” Journal of Physiology—Paris 97 (2003): 121– 39.
7. A list of papers can be found at http:// cbcl. mit. edu/ people/ poggio/ tpcv_ short_pubs. pdf.
8. Daniel J. Felleman and David C. Van Essen, “Distributed Hierarchical Processing in the Primate Cerebral Cortex,” Cerebral Cortex 1, no. 1 (January/ February 1991): 1– 47. A compelling analysis of the Bayesian mathematics of the top - down and bottom-up communication in the neocortex is provided by Tai Sing Lee in “Hierarchical Bayesian Inference in the Visual Cortex,” Journal of the Optical Society of America 20, no. 7 (July 2003): 1434– 48.
9. Uri Hasson et al., “A Hierarchy of Temporal Receptive Windows in Human Cortex,”Journal of Neuroscience 28, no. 10 (March 5, 2008): 2539– 50.
10. Marina Bedny et al., “Language Processing in the Occipital Cortex of Congenitally Blind Adults,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 11 (March 15, 2011): 4429– 34.
11. Daniel E. Feldman, “Synaptic Mechanisms for Plasticity in Neocortex,” Annual Review of Neuroscience 32 (2009): 33– 55.
12. Aaron C. Koralek et al., “Corticostriatal Plasticity Is Necessary for Learning Intentional Neuroprosthetic Skills,” Nature 483 (March 15, 2012): 331– 35.
13. E-mail communication from Randal Koene, January 2012.
14. Min Fu, Xinzhu Yu, Ju Lu, and Yi Zuo, “Repetitive Motor Learning Induces Coordinated Formation of Clustered Dendritic Spines in Vivo,” Nature 483 (March 1, 2012): 92– 95.
15. Dario Bonanomi et al., “Ret Is a Multifunctional Coreceptor That Integrates Diffusible- and Contact- Axon Guidance Signals,” Cell 148, no. 3 (February 2012): 568– 82.
