1.Vernon B. Mountcastle, “Th e View from Within: Pathways to the Study of Perception,” Johns Hopkins Medical Journal 136 (1975): 109– 31.
2. B. Roska and F. Werblin, “Vertical Interactions Across Ten Parallel, Stacked Representations
in the Mammalian Retina,” Nature 410, no. 6828 (March 29, 2001):583– 87，美国加州大学伯克利分校2001年3月28日发布消息称：“加州大学伯克利分校的研究表明，视觉信息发送到大脑之前，眼睛过滤图片的其他信息，只允许最基本的要素通过。”网址：www. berkeley. edu/ news/ media/ releases/ 2001/ 03/ 28_ wers1. htm。
3. Lloyd Watts, “ Reverse- Engineering the Human Auditory Pathway,” in J. Liu et al., eds., WCCI 2012 (Berlin: Springer- Verlag, 2012), 47– 59. Lloyd Watts, “ Real-Time, High- Resolution Simulation of the Auditory Pathway, with Application to Cell- Phone Noise Reduction,” ISCAS (June 2, 2010): 3821– 24. For other papers see http:// www. lloydwatts. com/ publications. html.
4. See Sandra Blakeslee, “Humanity Maybe It’s All in the Wiring,” New York Times, December 11, 2003, http:// www. nytimes. com/ 2003/ 12/ 09/ science/ 09BRAI .html.
5. T. E. J. Behrens et al., “ Non- Invasive Mapping of Connections between Human Th alamus and Cortex Using Diffusion Imaging,” Nature Neuroscience 6, no. 7 (July 2003): 750– 57.
6. Timothy J. Buschman et al., “Neural Substrates of Cognitive Capacity Limitations,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 27 (July 5, 2011):11252– 55, http:// www. pnas. org/ content/ 108/ 27/ 11252. long.
7. Th eodore W. Berger et al., “A Cortical Neural Prosthesis for Restoring and Enhancing Memory,” Journal of Neural Engineering 8, no. 4 (August 2011).
8. Basis functions are nonlinear functions that can be combined linearly (by adding together multiple weighted- basis functions) to approximate any nonlinear function. A. Pouget and L. H. Snyder, “Computational Approaches to Sensorimotor Transformations,” Nature Neuroscience 3, no. 11 Supplement (November 2000): 1192– 98.
9. J. R. Bloedel, “Functional Heterogeneity with Structural Homogeneity: How Does the Cerebellum Operate” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15, no. 4 (1992): 666– 78.
10. S. Grossberg and R. W. Paine, “A Neural Model of Cortico- Cerebellar Interactions during Attentive Imitation and Predictive Learning of Sequential Handwriting Movements,” Neural Networks 13, no. 8– 9 ( October– November 2000): 999– 1046.
11. Javier F. Medina and Michael D. Mauk, “Computer Simulation of Cerebellar Information Processing,” Nature Neuroscience 3 (November 2000): 1205– 11.
12. James Olds, “Pleasure Centers in the Brain,” Scientifi c American (October 1956): 105– 16. Aryeh Routtenberg, “The Reward System of the Brain,” Scientific American 239 (November 1978): 154– 64. K. C. Berridge and M. L. Kringelbach, “Affective Neuroscience of Pleasure: Reward in Humans and Other Animals,” Psychopharmacology 199 (2008): 457– 80. Morten L. Kringelbach, ThePleasure Center: Trust Your Animal Instincts (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009). Michael R. Liebowitz, The Chemistry of Love (Boston: Little, Brown, 1983).W. L. Witters and P. Jones- Witters, Human Sexuality: A Biological Perspective (New York: Van Nostrand, 1980).
