1. Salomon Bochner, A Biographical Memoir of John von Neumann (Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1958).
2. A. M. Turing, “On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem,”
Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society Series 2, vol. 42 ( 1936– 37): 230– 65, http:// www. comlab. ox. ac. uk/ activities/ ieg/ e-library/ sources /tp2-ie. pdf. A. M. Turing, “On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem: A Correction,” Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 43 (1938): 544– 46.
3. John von Neumann, “First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC,” Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, June 30, 1945. John von Neumann, “A Mathematical Theory of Communication,” Bell System Technical Journal, July and October 1948.
4. Jeremy Bernstein, The Analytical Engine: Computers—Past, Present, and Future, rev. ed. (New York: William Morrow & Co., 1981).
5. “Japan’s K Computer Tops 10 Petafl op/ s to Stay Atop TOP500 List,” Top 500, November 11, 2011, http:// top500. org/ lists/ 2011/ 11/ press- release.
6. Carver Mead, Analog VLSI and Neural Systems (Reading, MA: Addison- Wesley, 1986).
7. “IBM Unveils Cognitive Computing Chips,” IBM news release, August 18, 2011, http:// www-03. ibm. com/ press/ us/ en/ pressrelease/ 35251. wss.
8. “Japan’s K Computer Tops 10 Petafl op/ s to Stay Atop TOP500 List.”