1. John R. Searle, “I Married a Computer,” in Jay W. Richards, ed., Are We Spiritual Machines Ray Kurzweil vs. the Critics of Strong AI (Seattle: Discovery Institute, 2002).
2. Stuart Hameroff , Ultimate Computing: Biomolecular Consciousness and Nanotechnology (Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1987).
3. P. S. Sebel et al., “The Incidence of Awareness during Anesthesia: A Multicenter United States Study,” Anesthesia and Analgesia 99 (2004): 833– 39.
4. Stuart Sutherland, The International Dictionary of Psychology (New York: Macmillan, 1990).
5. David Cockburn, “Human Beings and Giant Squids,” Philosophy 69, no. 268 (April 1994): 135– 50.
6. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, from a lecture given in 1913, published in Lectures on Conditioned Refl exes: Twenty-Five Years of Objective Study of the Higher Nervous Activity [Behavior] of Animals (London: Martin Lawrence, 1928), 222.
7. Roger W. Sperry, from James Arthur Lecture on the Evolution of the Human Brain, 1964, p. 2.
8. Henry Maudsley, “The Double Brain,” Mind 14, no. 54 (1889): 161– 87.
9. Susan Curtiss and Stella de Bode, “Language after Hemispherectomy,” Brain and Cognition 43, nos. 1– 3 ( June– August 2000): 135– 38.
10. E. P. Vining et al., “Why Would You Remove Half a Brain The Outcome of 58 Children aft er Hemispherectomy— the Johns Hopkins Experience: 1968 to 1996,” Pediatrics 100 (August 1997): 163– 71. M. B. Pulsifer et al., “The Cognitive Outcome of Hemispherectomy in 71 Children,” Epilepsia 45, no. 3 (March 2004): 243– 54.
11. S. McClelland III and R. E. Maxwell, “Hemispherectomy for Intractable Epilepsy in Adults: The First Reported Series,” Annals of Neurology 61, no. 4 (April 2007): 372– 76.
12. Lars Muckli, Marcus J. Naumerd, and Wolf Singer, “Bilateral Visual Field Maps in a Patient with Only One Hemisphere,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 31 (August 4, 2009), http:// dx. doi. org/ 10. 1073/ pnas . 0809688106.
13. Marvin Minsky, The Society of Mind (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988).
14. F. Fay Evans- Martin, The Nervous System (New York: Chelsea House, 2005), http:// www. scribd. com/ doc/ 5012597/ Th e- Nervous- System.
15. Benjamin Libet, Mind Time: The Temporal Factor in Consciousness (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005).
16. Daniel C. Dennett, Freedom Evolves (New York: Viking, 2003). 9780670025299_HowToCreate_TX_p1-336.indd 29920/09/1212:05 PM NOTES 300.
17. Michael S. Gazzaniga, Who’s in Charge Free Will and the Science of the Brain (New York: Ecco/ HarperCollins, 2011).
18. David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1765), 2nd ed., edited by Eric Steinberg (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1993).
19. Arthur Schopenhauer, The Wisdom of Life.
20. Arthur Schopenhauer, On the Freedom of the Will (1839).
21. From Raymond Smullyan, 5000 B. C. and Other Philosophical Fantasies (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983).
22. For an insightful and entertaining examination of similar issues of identity and consciousness, see Martine Rothblatt, “The Terasem Mind Uploading Experiment,” International Journal of Machine Consciousness 4, no. 1 (2012): 141– 58.在本文中，罗斯布拉特基于“视频访谈和前身相关信息的数据库”借用模拟个人的软件检测身份问题。在这个颇具前瞻性的实验中，软件成功模拟了所对应的人。
23. “How Do You Persist When Your Molecules Don’t” Science and Consciousness Review 1, no. 1 (June 2004), http:// www. sci- con. org/ articles/ 20040601. html.
