《汪曾祺作品精选集：受戒》作者：汪曾祺
内容简介
本书精选出了汪曾祺先生最具代表性的经典小说作品，囊括了汪曾祺先生最广为人知的小说代表作，包括《受戒》《大淖记事》《岁寒三友》等。汪曾祺的小说他在短篇小说创作上颇有成就，对戏剧与民间文艺也有深入钻研。其小说在创作上追求回到现实主义，回到民族传统中去，充溢着“中国味儿”，洋溢着对传统文化的挚爱。在这些小说中，汪曾祺先生塑造了数十个个性鲜明的小人物，以抒情的笔调描绘了极具地方特色的民俗民情，文风朴实自然，让读者重新发现了民族心灵、性灵以及传统美德。
本书还辅以汪老的八幅珍贵手稿、书法作品、画作，图文并茂，以飨读者。
作者简介
汪曾祺（1920—1997），江苏高邮人，是我国当代文学史上著名的作家、戏剧家，为沈从文先生的入室弟子、得意高足，与老师同为京派小说的代表人物。汪曾祺在散文和短篇小说的创作上均颇有成就。他的语言独具特色，被誉为诗化的语言，他自己则被誉为“抒情的人道主义者，中国最后一个纯粹的文人，中国最后一个士大夫”，在海内外出版过数十部小说集和散文集，经典代表作《受戒》《大淖记事》等曾在文坛引起巨大的反响。
大东图书在版编目(CIP)数据
大东受戒：汉英对照/汪曾祺著. — 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2011.12
大东（中国故事）
大东ISBN 978-7-5135-1569-6
大东I. (1)受… II. (1)汪… III. (1)英语—汉语—对照读物 (2)短篇小说—小说集—中国—当代 IV. (1)H319.4:I
大东中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字 (2011) 第256374号
大东出版人：蔡剑峰
大东责任编辑：郝颖 王琳
大东封面设计：蔡曼
大东版式设计：高蕾
大东出版发行：外语教学与研究出版社
大东社址：北京市西三环北路19号 (100089)
大东版次：2011年12月第1版 2011年12月第1次印刷
大东书号：ISBN 978-7-5135-1569-6
大东* * *
大东制售盗版必究 举报查实奖励
大东版权保护办公室举报电话：(010) 88817519
* * *
大东Multi-language Center for International Promotion of Chinese Language, Beijing Foreign Studies University
大东Chinese-English "China Stories"Series
北京外国语大学汉语国际推广多语种基地
大东中英对照“中国故事”丛书
大东Publisher's Note
大东"Once upon a time…”, such is the beginning of a story that may have accompanied many people through their childhood no matter what country they live in and what language they speak. When we grow up, we remain keen on one kind of stories or another. This is because stories always keep us at a fascinating distance: things that take place around us may drive home to us a timeless truth, while remote or illusory stories may as well be relevant to reality or reflect the problems of today.
大东However, if a story is linked with the name of a country, what can the listener expect from it?
大东The China Stories series is dedicated to those who are fond of stories and hope to know about China. The reason why we have chosen this way of storytelling is that while people nowadays may easily get to know a country by turning on the television, surfing the Internet or touching a cellphone screen, we believe stories make China look more vivid, serene and down-to-earth than media or political or economic commentators, historical archives or museums do.
大东Our stories or "storytellers" generally fall into two categories. Firstly, small works of big names in contemporary Chinese literature, such as The Love Story of a Young Monk by Wang Zengqi and Ah, xiangxue by Tie Ning; Secondly, Chinese tales told by writers from other lands from the "other" perspectives, like The Magic of the White Snake by the German freelancer Helmut Matt. The differences in settings, plots and the storytellers' personalities have added to the charisma of our stories. This China Stories series will maintain its openness by putting forth new stories, so as to present a rich, varied three-dimensional China to our readers. In this sense, this series is catered not only to foreign friends but also to Chinese-speaking natives so that they can observe this country from a fresh point of view.
大东Instead of lengthy narratives that may wear our readers down, the China Stories series is a collection of short stories and novellas that are meant for a pleasant reading experience, an experience that is made all the more delightful by our elaborately produced bilingual texts and beautiful illustrations.
大东Whether the storyteller or the listener comes from China or elsewhere, we believe that you can derive your own impression of China from these stories, and feel closer to it whether it was familiar or strange to you before you lay your hands on the China Stories series. So let's read China Stories, and get a taste of China from them.
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
August, 2011
大东出版说明
大东“很久很久以前……”，许多人的童年或许都伴随着这样开头的故事，无论她或他身处哪个国家，说着何种语言。当我们长大，依然热衷于各种故事。因为故事总是与人们保持一种远近适宜的奇妙距离：身边发生的故事有时能让人悟到恒久长远的道理，而遥远的甚至虚幻的故事又能使人联想到现实的处境，回应当下的问题。
大东而当故事与一个国家的名称联系在一起的时候，又会给听者一种怎样的期待？
大东《中国故事》系列丛书献给那些喜欢听故事并且希望了解中国的人们。之所以选择这种方式而不是别的——毕竟，现在想了解一个国家，打开电视，浏览互联网，或者触摸一下手机屏幕就可以做到——因为我们相信，比起新闻媒体、政经评论或者历史文献、博物馆陈列中的中国，也许故事所反映的那个中国来得更真切，更沉静，也更实在。
大东故事的来源，或者说“讲故事的人”大体有两类。一方面我们收集了现当代一些中国文学大家的小作品，例如汪曾祺的《受戒》，铁凝的《哦，香雪》；另一方面，来自中国以外的作者们基于“他者”的视角重述中国的传奇，例如德国赫尔穆特·马特先生的《白蛇传奇》。故事的背景和事件彼此不同，更因叙述者的个性特征而平添魅力，本系列还将不断推新以保持一种开放性。因此呈现给各位的这一套丛书应该是丰富和立体的，希望借此传达的中国形象也能更加真实、丰满。从这个意义上讲，丛书的目标读者应不仅仅限于海外的朋友，其实也包括以中文为母语的读者们，以便透过新鲜的角度来观察这个国家。
大东这里没有宏大的叙事，而是以中短篇小说的篇幅给读者绝不沉重的阅读体验。这种轻松感还将通过我们精心提供的双语文本和优美插图得到进一步的
体会。
大东无论讲故事的人以及听故事的人是来自中国还是其他国家，我们都相信您能从故事中获得自己对于中国的印象，对这个已经熟悉或者还很陌生的国度，更多一点儿亲近——阅读中国的故事，品味故事中的中国。
外语教学与研究出版社
2011年8月
目录
The Love Story of a Young Monk受戒
Special Gift异秉
The Love Story of a Young Monk
受戒
大东It was already four years since Minghai had become a novice.
大东He had come when he was only thirteen years old.
大东The name of the place, Anzhaozhuang, was somewhat unusual. The word Zhao signified that the majority of villagers had the same surname, Zhao. Though it was called a village or zhuang, the houses were scattered far apart in twos and threes. From one door could be seen the neighbouring houses, but it was a long walk to reach them because there was no road, only the winding paths between the fields. As to the word an, that was easy to understand for there was a nunnery in this village, which was originally named Boddha Nunnery. Later it was wrongly called Biqi (Water Chestnut) Nunnery, and even those living within had called it that. "Monks in the monasteries and nuns in nunneries, " so the saying goes, but that nunnery was occupied by monks. Because it was so small it was probably called a nunnery and not a monastery.
大东When he had lived at home, Minghai had been called Mingzi. From his early childhood, it was decided that he would become a monk. His native village was famous for its supply of monks just as other places were known for their pig-castrators, mat-weavers, coopers, cotton-fluffers, painters and prostitutes. A household with several sons always sent one to be a monk. There were also factions among the monks, and one must have certain relations with them in order to join. Many of the villagers, who had become monks, went to faraway monasteries, such as Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou, Jing'an Temple in Shanghai, Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang or Tianning Monastery in Yangzhou. But generally, they lived in local temples. Mingzi's family had only a few mu of land, and his three elder brothers could easily cope with the work. As the fourth son, he had no choice but to go to a temple and become a monk.
大东One day, when he was seven years old, his uncle, who was a monk, visited his home. After consulting with him, Mingzi's parents decided to let him become a monk. He was standing near them and thought it a very reasonable suggestion, finding no cause to object. There were many advantages in such a life! First of all, he could have his meals every day free of charge. As a rule, both the food and clothing of every monk were supplied by the temple. Secondly, he could save money. Once he had learned how to perform the Buddhist rites, he would surely obtain his due portion of the service charge. When he had saved enough money, he could resume his secular life and marry a village girl. If, however, he did not leave the temple, he could buy a few mu of land.
大东Still, it was not so easy to become a monk in those days. In the first place, the candidate must be good-looking, with a face like a bright full moon. Secondly, he must have a sweet musical voice. Thirdly, he must be intelligent and have a good memory. His uncle studied his face carefully, urged the boy to walk a few steps forward and back, and sing a line from a work song which the local peasants sang while driving oxen to the threshing ground. Finally, his uncle said, "Mingzi will surely be a good monk. I'm willing to vouch for him!" To do that, his parents had to spend money sending the boy to school, there being no illiterate monks. So, Mingzi was enrolled in a private school, studied textbooks and practised calligraphy. The villagers praised him highly for his neat handwriting.
大东明海出家已经四年了。
大东他是十三岁来的。
大东这个地方的地名有点怪，叫庵赵庄。赵，是因为庄上大都姓赵。叫做庄，可是人家住得很分散，这里两三家，那里两三家。一出门，远远可以看到，走起来得走一会，因为没有大路，都是弯弯曲曲的田埂。庵，是因为有一个庵。庵叫菩提庵，可是大家叫讹了，叫成荸荠庵。连庵里的和尚也这样叫。“宝刹何处？”——“荸荠庵。”庵本来是住尼姑的。“和尚庙”， “尼姑庵”嘛。可是荸荠庵住的是和尚。也许因为荸荠庵不大，大者为庙，小者为庵。
大东明海在家叫小明子。他是从小就确定要出家的。他的家乡不叫“出家”，叫“当和尚”。他的家乡出和尚。就像有的地方出劁猪的，有的地方出织席子的，有的地方出箍桶的，有的地方出弹棉花的，有的地方出画匠，有的地方出婊子，他的家乡出和尚。人家弟兄多，就派一个出去当和尚。当和尚也要通过关系，也有帮。这地方的和尚有的走得很远。有到杭州灵隐寺的、上海静安寺的、镇江金山寺的、扬州天宁寺的。一般的就在本县的寺庙。明海家田少，老大、老二、老三，就足够种的了。他是老四。他七岁那年，他当和尚的舅舅回家，他爹、他娘就和舅舅商议，决定叫他当和尚。他当时在旁边，觉得这实在是在情在理，没有理由反对。当和尚有很多好处。一是可以吃现成饭。哪个庙里都是管饭的。二是可以攒钱。只要学会了放瑜伽焰口，拜梁皇忏，可以按例分到辛苦钱。积攒起来，将来还俗娶亲也可以；不想还俗，买几亩田也可以。当和尚也不容易，一要面如朗月，二要声如钟磬，三要聪明记性好。他舅舅给他相了相面，叫他前走几步，后走几步，又叫他喊了一声赶牛打场的号子：“格当嘚——”，说是“明子准能当个好和尚，我包了！”要当和尚，得下点本——念几年书。哪有不认字的和尚呢！于是明子就开蒙入学，读了《三字经》、《百家姓》、《四言杂字》、《幼学琼林》、上《论》、下《论》、上《孟》、下《孟》，每天还写一张仿。村里都夸他字写得好，很黑。
大东On an appointed day several years later, his uncle came back, bringing an extra Buddhist short jacket which he urged his elder sister to shorten for Mingzi. Wearing this jacket, a pair of ordinary purple trousers and new cloth shoes on his bare feet, Mingzi kowtowed to his parents and set out with his uncle.
大东While in school, Mingzi had been called Minghai. His uncle said there was no need to change that and so it became his Buddhist name.
大东They crossed a big lake — an immense lake! — and reached the county seat which was bustling with activity. In the main street there were an official salt shop, tax bureau, cloth store, butcher's and so on. A donkey was grinding sesame seeds in the oil workshop and the aroma filled the street. On both sides were various kinds of stalls selling cosmetics, velvet flowers, silk threads, sugar figures and other goods. In addition, there were also men selling quack remedies and snake performers. Mingzi was fascinated by these interesting sights and would have liked to take a good look at each of them. His uncle, however, urged him along, saying, "Don't dawdle! Hurry up! Be quick!"
大东舅舅按照约定的日期又回了家，带了一件他自己穿的和尚领的短衫，叫明子娘改小一点，给明子穿上。明子穿了这件和尚短衫，下身还是在家穿的紫花裤子，赤脚穿了一双新布鞋，跟他爹、他娘磕了一个头，就随舅舅走了。
大东他上学时起了个学名，叫明海。舅舅说，不用改了。于是“明海”就从学名变成了法名。
大东过了一个湖。好大一个湖！穿过一个县城。县城真热闹：官盐店，税务局，肉铺里挂着成片的猪，一个驴子在磨芝麻，满街都是小磨香油的香味，布店，卖茉莉粉、梳头油的什么斋，卖绒花的，卖丝线的，打把式卖膏药的，吹糖人的，耍蛇的……他什么都想看看。舅舅一个劲地推他：“快走！快走！”
大东At last, they reached a river where a small boat was waiting for them by the bank. A tall, slender man about fifty years old stood in the boat, while a girl about the same age as Mingzi squatted in the stern. She was breaking open a lotus seedpod with her hands. The boat set out as soon as Mingzi and his uncle got in.
大东Before long, Mingzi heard someone talking to him. The speaker was none other than the girl. "Isn't it you who's going to Biqi Nunnery to be a monk?"
大东Mingzi nodded.
大东"They'll burn incense scars on your head if you want to be a monk. Aren't you afraid?"
大东Not knowing how to answer, Mingzi shook his head vaguely.
大东"What's your name?"
大东"Minghai."
大东"And what do they call you at home?"
大东"Mingzi."
大东"Mingzi! I'm called Xiaoyingzi! We'll soon be neighbours. I live next door to your temple. — Take it!" She threw him the remaining half of the lotus seedpod. Mingzi began to break it open and eat the seeds one by one.
大东到了一个河边，有一只船在等着他们。船上有一个五十来岁的瘦长瘦长的大伯，船头蹲着一个跟明子差不多大的女孩子，在剥一个莲蓬吃。明子和舅舅坐到舱里，船就开了。
大东明子听见有人跟他说话，是那个女孩子。“是你要到荸荠庵当和尚吗？”
大东明子点点头。
大东“当和尚要烧戒疤！你不怕？”
大东明子不知道怎么回答，就含含糊糊地摇了摇头。
大东“你叫什么？”
大东“明海。”
大东“在家的时候？”
大东“叫明子。”
大东“明子！我叫小英子！我们是邻居。我家挨着荸荠庵。——给你！”小英子把吃剩的半个莲蓬扔给明海，小明子就剥开莲蓬壳，一颗一颗吃起来。
大东The old man rhythmically rowed the boat. It was very quiet with only the sound of the oars splashing in the water.
大东Biqi Nunnery was situated on a picturesque plateau, the highest in the area. Obviously, the man who had built it had made a wise choice. A river flowed in front of the temple. Before the entrance, a large threshing ground was surrounded on three sides with towering willow trees. Inside the main door was a hallway. A statue of Buddha Maitreya sat facing the door and on both sides of his shrine hung a pair of couplets written by an unknown scholar:
大东His big belly holds the troubles unbearable to others.
大东His broad smile is aimed at those who are laughable.
大东Behind Buddha Maitreya stood the statue of Skanda. Across the hallway was a fair-sized courtyard with two ginkgo trees and at each side a row of three chambers. Across the courtyard was the main hall housing the Trakala Buddhas. Together with the shrines, each was only about four feet high. At the eastern side of the main hall was the chief monk's chamber while at the western side a storeroom. In the eastern wall of the main hall was a rhombus door leading to a long and narrow courtyard, in which were a rockery, some flowerpots and three small side rooms.
大东大伯一桨一桨地划着，只听见船桨拨水的声音：
大东“哗——许！哗——许！”
大东…… ……
大东荸荠庵的地势很好，在一片高地上。这一带就数这片地势高，当初建庵的人很会选地方。门前是一条河。门外是一片很大的打谷场。三面都是高大的柳树。山门里是一个穿堂。迎门供着弥勒佛。不知是哪一位名士撰写了一副对联：
大东大肚能容容天下难容之事，
大东开颜一笑笑世间可笑之人。
大东弥勒佛背后，是韦驮。过穿堂，是一个不小的天井，种着两棵白果树。天井两边各有三间厢房。走过天井，便是大殿，供着三世佛。佛像连龛才四尺来高。大殿东边是方丈，西边是库房。大殿东侧，有一个小小的六角门，白门绿字，刻着一副对联：
大东一花一世界，
大东三藐三菩提。
大东进门有一个狭长的天井，几块假山石，几盆花，有三间小房。
大东Mingzi's daily life in the temple was leisurely. After getting up early in the morning, the first thing he did was to open the front door and tidy up the courtyard, which was easy to sweep clean since it was paved with square bricks. Next, he burnt some joss-sticks before the Buddhas Maitreya, Skanda and Trakala in the main hall, kowtowed to each of them, chanted "NamasAmitabha" and beat the inverted bell three times. The monks of this temple had neither morning nor evening services. Mingzi's beating of the inverted bell three times was all that was required. Having finished these tasks, he fetched water and fed the pigs. At last, when the abbot (namely, his uncle) got up, he waited on him and learned from him how to chant sutras.
大东Teaching a young novice to chant Buddhist sutras was just the same as teaching pupils to recite their lessons. Both the master and the pupil held a volume of Buddhist scriptures in their hands, the former chanting sentence by sentence and the latter following suit. While chanting, Mingzi's uncle beat time loudly on the table with his palm. He did this according to fixed rhythms. It was like teaching someone to sing Beijing Opera for even the special terms used were from Beijing Opera. His uncle told him time and again that, while chanting Buddhist scriptures, his tone must be in keeping with the correct rhythms and notes. In short, to be a good monk one needed a sweet voice. He told his young nephew: When a serious flood occurred in the twentieth year of the Republic, some banks of the canal were completely destroyed. As a result, a great number of the inhabitants were drowned. In order to express their condolences for the unlucky victims, people held a grand Buddhist service. All the abbots of the large temples in the county attended. Thirteen monks were invited to preside over the service, while there were as many as over a hundred ordinary monks in attendance. A question then arose: Among the abbots, who was, after all, most qualified to sit in the seat of honour? Having considered this for a long while, Shiqiao, the abbot of Shanyin Temple, was chosen. Sitting there he had appeared just like the Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha. Moreover he had a booming voice. When it came to chanting psalms and burning incense, as soon as he uttered the first words, the more than one thousand onlookers became silent.
