μv
[587]Overbye,293;Aczel,117;archive,
ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/NumRel/Einstein
Equations,
html#intro.惠勒引语的另一个版本参见他与迈斯纳(Charles Misner)、索恩(Kip Thorne)合著
的《引力》( Gravitation)的第5页。
[588]Greene 2004,74.
[589]Einstein, The Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity, Analen der Physik,Mar.20,
1916,CPAE 6:30.
[590]Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, Nov.26,1915;Einstein to Michele Besso, Nov.30,1915.
[591]Thorne,119.
[592]关于对希尔伯特贡献的分析,参见Sauer 1999,529—575;Sauer 2005,577—590。讨论希
尔伯特的修正的论文包括Cory, Renn and Stachel;Sauer 2005等。关于这场争论,亦参见John
Earman and Clark Glymour, Einstein and Hilbert:Two Months in the History of General
Relativity, Archive for History of Exact Sciences(1978):291;A.A.Logunov, M.A Mestvirishvili
and V.A Petrov, How Were the Hilbert-Einstein Equa-tions Discovered? Uspekhi Fizicheskikh
Nank 174,no.6(June 2004):663—678;Christopher Jon Bjerknes, Albers Einstein: The
Incorrigible Plagiarist,参见home ccmcast.net/?xtxinc/AEIPBook htm;John Stachel, Anti-Einstein
sentiment surfaces again, Physics World,Apr.2003,physicsweb.org/articles/review/16/4/2/1;
Christo-pher Jon Bjerknes, The Author of Albert Einstein: The Incorrigible Plagiarist Responds to John Stachel's Personal Attack, home comcast net/?xtxinc/Response htm;Friedwardt
Winterberg,On“Belated
Detsion
in
the
Hilbet-Einstein
Priotty
Dispute”, Zeitschift
fuer
Naturforschung
A(Oct,2004):715—719,www.physics,
unr.edu/faculty/winterberg/Hilbert-
Einstein pdf;David Rowe, Einstein Meets Hilbert:At the Crossroads of Physics and
Mathematics, Physics in Perspective 3,no.4(Nov.2001):379.
[593]Reid,142.虽然这一评论在其他二手文献中也有引用,但《爱因斯坦全集》的编者绍尔
(他正在写一本关于希尔伯特的著作)说,他从未找到它的原始出处。
[594]Einstein to David Hilbert, Dec.20,1915.
[595]Einstein to Arnold Sommerfeld, Dec.9,1915;Einstein to Heinrich Zang-ger, Nov.26,1915.
[596]关于广义相对论是否真的使所有形式的运动和所有参照系等价,这是一个有争议的问题。
当然可以说,正在做非勻速相对运动的两个观察者都可以正当地将自己看成“静止”,而另一个
受到引力场的作用。但这并不必然意味着(爱因斯坦有时这样想,有时不这样想),正在做非
勻速相对运动的两个观察者总在物理上等价,特别是有旋转发生时。比如参见Norton 1995b,
223—245;Janssen 2004,8—12;Don Howard, Point Coincidences and Pointer Coincidences, in
Goenner et al.1999,463;Robert Rynasiewiecz, Kretschmann’s Analysis of Covariance and
Relativity Principles, in Groenner et al.1999,431;Dennis Diek, Another Look at General Covariance
and the Equivalence of Reference Frames, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern
Physics 37(Mar.2006),174.
[597]F?lsing,374;Clark,252.
[598]Einstein to Michele Besso, Dec.10,1915.
[599]Michele Besso to Einstein, Nov,29,1915;Einstein to Michele Besso, Nov.30,1915.
[600]Hans Albert Einstein to Einstein, before Nov.30,1915;Einstein to Hans Albert Einstein, Nov.30,1915.
[601]Michele Besso to Einstein, Nov.30,1915,亦参见Einstein to Heinrich Zangger Dec.4,
1915:“有人正在一步步地狀害我儿子的灵魂,让他不再信任我。”
[602]为清晰起见,我称爱因斯坦的儿子为汉斯·阿尔伯特,尽管他的父亲,总是径直称其为阿尔
伯特(这种做法也许一些心理学家觉得好笑有一次,爱因斯坦给儿子写了一张明信片,署名“阿
尔伯特”而不是“爸爸”。在接下来的一封信中,他尴尬地说:“我在上封信里滑稽的签名解释
成,由于心不在焉,我签的往往不是自己的名字,而是收信人的名字。”(Einstein
to
Hans
Albert Einstein, Mar.11 and 16,1916.)
[603]Einstein to Mileva Mari ,Dec.1 and 10,1915.
[604]Einstein to Hans Albert Einstein, Dec.23 and 25,1915.1915年12月18日,爱因斯坦也给汉斯·
阿尔伯特写了一张类似的明信片。Einstein to Hans Albert Einstein, Mar.11,1916.
[605]Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, Nov.26,1915;Einstein to Michele Besso, Jan.3,1916.
[606]Overbye,300.
[607]Einstein to Mileva Mari ,Feb.6,1916.
[608]Einstein to Mileva Mari ,Mar.12 and Apr.1,1916;Neffe,194.
[609]Einstein to Mileva Mari ,Apr,1and 8,1916;Einstein to Michele Besso,Apr.6,1916;
Michele Besso to Heinrich Zangger, Apr 12,1916,CPAE 8:211(German edition),footnote 2.
[610]Einstein to Elsa Einstein, Apr.12 and15,1916.亦参见Einstein to Elsa Einstein, Apr 10,1916,
载2006年公之于世的家庭通信,CPAE 8:211a:“我与他的关系正在变得相当融洽。”
[611]Einstein to Elsa Einstein, Apr.21,1916.亦参见Einstein to Heinrich Zangger July 11,
1916:“在极为开心的复活节旅行之后,接下来几天在苏黎世的关系便急遽冷却。其中的原因我
并不能完全说清楚。”
[612]Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, July 11,1916;Einstein to Michele Besso, July 14,1916.参见
CPAE 8:233(German version),footnote 4,仓格尔是信中谈到的另一个人。
[613]Pauline Einstein to Elsa Einstein, Aug,6,1916,in Overbye,301.
[614]Einstein to Michele Besso, July 14,1916;Michele Besso to Einstein, July 17,1916;CPAE
8:239(German version),footnote 2.
[615]Einstein to Michele Besso, July 21,1916,两封信。
[616]CPAE 8:241(German edition),footnote 3,4:Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, July 25,
1916:Heinrich Zangger to Michele Besso, July 31,1916.
[617]Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, Aug.18,1916;Einstein to Hans Albert Einstein, July 25,1916.
亦参见Einstein to Zangger, Mar.10,1917。
[618]Einstein to Michele Besso, Aug,24,916;Einstein to Hans Albert, Sept.26,1916.
[619]Hans Albert Einstein to Einstein, before Nov.26,1916.
[620]Einstein to Michele Besso, Oct.31,1916.
[621]Einstein to Helen Savi ,Spt.8,1916.
[622]Einstein, The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity, Mar.20,1916,CPAE 6:30.
[623]Einstein, On the Special and the General Theory of Relativity,Dec,1916,CPAE 6:42,
and many popular editions;Michelmore,63.爱因斯坦这部著作的网络版参见bartleby.com/173/或
www.gutenberg.org/etext/5001.
[624]Einstein, Principles of Research,1918,in Einstein 1954,224.
[625]Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, Jan.16,1917;Clark,241.
[626]Clark,248;Highfield and Carter,183;Overbye,327;Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest, Feb,
14,1917;Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, Dec,6,1917.
[627]Einstein to Michele Besso, Mar.9,1917;Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, Feb.16 and Mar.10,
1917.
[628]Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest,May 25,1917.
[629]Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, June 12,1917.
[630]爱因斯坦的薪水税后是13000马克。当时通货膨胀已经显现,德国马克的价值已从1914年
的24分钱降到了1918年1月的19分钱。当时1马克可以买两打鸡蛋或四块面包。(一年之后,马
克将只值12分钱,当恶性通货膨胀在1920年1月开始肆虐时降到了只有2分钱。)1918年1月,米
列娃的6000马克年收入大约值1140美元,或者经过换算,低于2006年的15000美元。爱因斯坦的
建议相当于将它提高一半。
[631]Einstein to Mileva Mari ,Jan.31,1918.
[632]Mileva Mari to Einstein, Feb,9,1918,from family trust correspon-dence, CPAE 8:461a, in supplement to vol.10.
[633]Mileva Mari to Einstein, after Feb.6,1918.注释32中提到的这封2月9日的信直到2006年才解
密。它的日期显然应早于被《爱因斯坦全集》编者标注“2月6日之后”的信。
[634]Overbye,338—339.
[635]Mileva Mari ;to Einstein, Apr.22,1918.
[636]Einstein to Mileva Mari ,Apr 15,23,26,1918.
[637]Maja Winteler-Einstein to Einstein, Mar.6,1918,family foundationcor-respondence, unsealed in 2006,CPAE 8:475 b, in supplement to vol.10.
[638]Einstein to Anna Besso, after Mar.4,1918.
[639]Anna Besso to Einstein, after Mar.4,1918.
[640]Mileva Mari to Einstein,before May 23,1918;Einstein to Mileva Mari , June 4,1918.
亦参见Vero Besso(Anna and Michele’s son)to Einstein,Mar 28,1918,family trust
correspondence:“您寄给我妈妈的明信片真的不够好……她说那些话并不是要冒犯您(如果您
亲耳听到的话):您对这些本可以一笑了之,不要太当真。”
[641]Mileva Mari to Einstein, Mar 17,1918:“我目前的健康状况是,我在家里躺下来没有问
题,但无法下床·。不过我几乎总能与孩子们相处得很好,这让我十分快乐,也对我的健康颇有
助益。”Einstein to Heinrich Zangger,May8,1918.
[642]Einstein to Heinrich Zangger,May 8,1918.
[643]Einstein to Max Bom, after June 29,1918;Einstein to Michele Besso, July 29,1918.
[644]Einstein to Hans.Albert Einstein, after June 4,1918.
[645]Einstein to Hans Albert Einstein, after June 19,1918.
[646]Hans Albert Einstein to Einstein, ca.July 17,1918;Einstein to Eduard Einstein, ca.July 17,
1918.
[647]Edgar Meyer to Einstein, Aug,11,1918;Einstein to Michele Besso, Aug.20,1918.
[648]Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, Aug.16,1918;Einstein to Michele Besso, Sept.6,1918;
F?lsing,424.
[649]Reiser 140.
[650]Nathan and Norden,24.
[651]Bom
2005,145—147.我的叙述依据的是玻恩的回忆,这些内容以及爱因斯坦对此次事件
的提及可见于1944年9月7日爱因斯坦给玻恩写的一封信。亦参见Bolles,3—11;Seelig 1956a,
178;F?lsing,423;Levenson,198。
[652]Einstein,On the Need for aNational Assembly, Nov.13,1918,CPAE 8:14;Nathan and Norden,25.纳坦说,爱因斯坦向大学生中的激进分子发表了这些评论。这一点似乎没有证据,
玻恩并未提到这件事。报纸上说,新祖国联盟在当天晚些时候有一个讲演。参见CPAE
8:
14(German edition),footnote 2。
[653]Einstein to Max Born, Sept.7,1944.
[654]Einstein, Deposition in Divorce, Dec.23,1918,CPAE 8:676.
[655]Einstein to Mileva Mari and Hans Albert Einstein, Jan.10,1919;Ein-stein to Hedwig and Max Born, Jan.15 and 19,1919;Theodor Vetter to Einstein, Jan.28,1919.魏特(Vetter)是苏黎
世大学的校长,他回复了爱因斯坦对讲座门口设置警卫的抱怨。
[656]Divorce Decree, Feb.14,1919,CPAE 9:6.
[657]Overbye,273—280.
[658]Einstein to Georg Nicolai, ca.Jan,22 and Feb.28,1917;Georg Nicolai to Einstein, Feb.26,
1917.
[659]lisa Einstein to Georg Nicolai,May 22,1918,CPAE 8:545.
[660]Einstein to Elsa Einstein, July 12 and 17,1919.
[661]Einstein to Elsa Einstein, July 28,1919.
[662]Professor Einstein Here, New York Times,Apr.3,1921.
[663]Pronounced Sense of Humor, New York Times,Dec,22,1936.
[664]F?lsing,429;Highfield and Carter,196.
[665]Reiser,127;Marianoff,15,174.这两位作者分别娶了爱尔莎的两个女儿。莱泽尔原名鲁
道夫·凯泽尔。
[666]Elias Tobenkin, How Einstein, Thinking in Terms of the Universe, Lives From Day to Day, New York Evening Post, Mar.26,1921.
[667]Frank 1947,219;Marianoff,1;F?lsing,428;Reiser,193.
[668]Overbye,314;Einstein to Schwarzschild, Jan.9,1916.
[669]Einstein,On a Stationary System with Spherical Symmetry Consisting of Many Gravitating Masses, Annals of Mathematics,1939.
[670]关于黑洞的历史、数学和科学,参见Miller 2005;Thome,121—139。
[671]Freeman Dysom in Robinson,8—9.