饭饭TXT > 现代文学 > 《爱因斯坦传:全2册(出版书)》作者:[美]沃尔特·艾萨克森/译者:张卜天【完结】 > 爱因斯坦传:全2册AH.txt

[686]参见第十四章。

作者:美-沃尔特·艾萨克森/译者:张卜天 当前章节:15360 字 更新时间:2026-6-30 18:52

[687]Einstein 1916,chapter 22.

[688]爱丁顿1920年的经典著作现已以平装本再版,即 Arthur

Eddington,

Space,

Time

Gravitation: An Outline of the General Relativity Theory(Cam-bridge, England:Cambridge Science Classics,1995)。第141页描述了这次普林西比远征。亦参见一篇获奖论文:Matthew

Stanley, An Expedition to Heal the Wounds of War:1919 Eclipse and Eddington as Quaker

Adventurer, Isis 94(2003):57—89.对所有检验的全面论述参见Crelinsten。

[689]Douglas,40;Aczel,121—137;Clark,285—287;F?lsing,436—437;Overbye,354—

359.

[690]Douglas,40.

[691]Einstein to Pauline Einstein, Sept.5,1919;Einstein to Paul Ehrensfest, Sept.12,1919.

[692]Einstein to Pauline Einstein, Sept.27,1919;Bolles,53.

[693]Ilsa Rosenthal-Schneider, Reality and Scientific Truth: Discussions with Einstein, von Laue, and Planck(Detroit:Wayne State University,1980),74,施奈德误把洛伦兹发来的电报当成

了爱丁顿的。爱因斯坦的名言有许多翻译版本。施奈德记录的德语句子是:“Da k?nnt’mir halt

der Liebe Gott leid tun, die Theorie stimmt doch,”

[694]Max Planck to Einstein Oct.4,1919;Einstein to Max Planck, Oct.23,1919.

[695]Zurich Physics Colloquium to Einstein, Oct.11,1919.

[696]Einstein to Zurich Physics Colloquium, Oct.16,1919.

[697]Alfred North Whitehead, Science and the Modern World(1925;New York:Free Press,

1997),13.亦参见pp.29和113。

[698] T he Times of London, Nov.7,1919;Pais 1982,307;F?lsing,443;Clark,289.

[699] T he Times of London, Nov.7,1919.

[700]Einstein 1949b,31.Purchase of violin is in Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest, Dec.10,1919.

[701]Douglas,41.Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Truth and Beauty: Aesthetics and Motivations in Science(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1987),117.(希尔伯特当然可能是第三个,虽

然有许多人也有这个能力。)后来与爱丁顿共事的钱德拉塞卡对杰里米·伯恩斯坦说,这番话是

他亲耳听爱丁顿说的;Bemstein 1973,192。

[702]Clark,309.David Rowe, Einstein.Rise to Fame, Perimeter Institute, Oct.15,2005,

www.mediasite.com是一篇不错的概述。

[703]Fabric of the Universe, The Times of London editorial, Nov,7,1919.

[704] N ew York Timis,Nov.9,1919.

[705]Brian 1996,100,from Meyer Berger, The Story of the New York Times(New York:Simon and Schuster,1951),251—252.

[706] T he New York Times,Nov.9,1919.

[707]当然,《纽约时报》对这一理论进行了严肃的新闻报道,这一点值得称赞。

[708]Einstein Expounds His New Theory, New York Times,Dec.3,1919.

[709]Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, Dec.15,1919.

[710]瑞·欧文(Rea Irvin),《纽约客》第一任美术编辑。——译者注

[711]Einstein to Marcel Grossmann, Sept.12,1920.

[712]Leopold Infeld, To Einstein on his 75th birthday, in Goldsmith,24.

[713] N ew York Times,Dec.4,Dec.21,1919.

[714] T he Times of London, Nov.28,1919.

[715]Paul Ehrenfest to Einstein, Nov.24,1919;Maja Einstein to Einstein, Dec.10,1919.

[716]Einstein to Max Born, Dec.8,1919;Einstein to Ludwig Hopf, Feb.2,1920.

[717]C, P. Snow,On Einstein, in The Variety of Men(New York:Scribner's,1966),108.

[718]Freeman J. Dyson, Wise Man, New York Review of Books,Oct.20,2005.

[719]Clark,296.

[720]Bom 2005,41.

[721]Hedwig Born to Einstein, Oct.7,1920.

[722]Max Born to Einstein, Oct.13,1920.

[723]Max Bom to Einstein, Oct.28,1920.

[724]Einstein to MaxBorn, Oct.26,1920.这本书几个月后最终出版时,爱因斯坦给索洛文写信

说,莫什科夫斯基“令人憎恶”,“是个猥琐小人”,还说“他涉嫌伪造”,私自用一些爱因斯坦的

信来暗示爱因斯坦为这本书写了一篇导言,参见Einstein to Maurice Solovine, Mar.8 and 19,

1921。当他听说汉斯·阿尔特也买了这本书之后,他非常沮丧,说“我没能阻止它出版,这使我

深感痛心”,参见Einstein to Hans Albert Einstein, June 18,1921,亦参见Highfield and Carter,

199。

[725]Brian 1996,114—116;Moszkowski,22—58.

[726]Bom 2005,41.

[727]Frank 1947,171—174.

[728]Michelmore,95;F?lsing,485.

[729]Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, Dec.24,1919.

[730]Einstein, My First Impressions of the U.S.A., Nieuzve Rotterdamsche Courant,1921;Einste in 1954,3—7.

[731]Einstein, Einstein on His Theory, The Times of London, Nov,28,1919.

[732]Einstein to Hedwig and Max Born, Jan.27,1920;Einstein to Arthur Ed-dington, Feb.2,1920.

爱因斯坦和颜悦色地对爱丁顿说:“与你们在相对论及其证实方面卓有成效的努力相比,授奖事

件悲喜参半的结果丝毫不重要。”

[733]Frida Bucky,引自Brian 1996,230。

[734]Einstein, The World as ISee It(1930),in Einstein 1954,8.另一种翻译载Einstein 1949a,

3。

[735]这种评价在Infeld,118中稍有不同;Infeld, To Albett Einstein on his 75th Birthday, in

Goldsmith,25,and in the Bulletin of the World Federation of Scientific Workers, July 1954.

[736]Editorial note by Max Born in Born 2005,127.

[737]Abraham Pais, Einstein and the Quantum Theory, Reviews of Modern Physics,Oct.1979,亦参

见Pais, Einstein, Newton and Success, in French,35;Pais 1982,39。

[738]Einstein, Why Socialism?, Monthly Review,May,1949,reprinted in Ein-stein 1954,151.

[739]Erik Erikson, Psychoanalytic Reflections on Einstein's Centenary, Holton and Elkana,151.

[740]这种想法出自希伯来大学爱因斯坦档案馆的芭芭拉·沃尔夫。

[741]Levenson,149.

[742]Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest, Jan.17,1922;F?lsing,482.(由于爱因斯坦的国外收入没有寄回

本国,而是寄到莱顿,这违反了德国货币规定,而且他还向隐瞒了个人收入,所以他和埃伦菲

斯特通信时采用了密码式的说法,以交流财务处理方面的信息。——译者注)

[743]Einstein to Eduard Einstein, June 25,1923,Einstein family correspondencetrust, unpublished, letterin possession of Bob Cohn。鲍勃·科恩向我提供了一份拷贝。科恩是爱因斯坦文稿的收集

者,Janifer Stackhouse博士翻译了他所掌握的书信。感谢他们的帮助。

[744]Michelmore,79.

[745]Einstein to Mileva Mari ,May 12,1924,AEA 75—629.

[746]Einstein to Michele Besso, Jan.5,1924,AEA 7—346;Einstein to Hans Albert Einstein, Mar.7,1924.

[747]Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, Mar.1920;F?lsing,474;Highfield and Carter,192;Clark,

243.

[748]Paul Johnson, Modern Times(New York:Harper Collins,1991),1—3.当爱因斯坦选

《时代》周刊世纪人物时,我曾写了一篇文章“Who Mattered and Why,” Time,Dec.31,1999,

本节即根据这篇文章改写。关于对这一思想的批判,参见David Greenberg, It Didn't Statt With

Einstein, Slate, Feb.3,2000,www.slate, com/id/74164/.米勒的 Einstein, Picasso也是一篇重要文

献。

[749]Charles Poor, professor of celestial mechanics, Columbia University, in the New York Times,

Nov.16,1919.

[750] N ew York Times,Dec.7,1919.

[751]Isaiah Berlin, Einstein and Israel, Holton and Elkana,282,亦参见爱因斯坦的女婿莱泽尔的

说法,Reiser,158:“相对论一词在普通人那里遭到了混淆,今天仍然与相对主义一词混为一

谈。然而,爱因斯坦的工作和人格远非含混不清和相对主义,无论在知识论上还是在伦理上都

是如此……伦理上的相对主义一切义不容辞的道德准则,它完全与爱因斯坦所代表和奉行的高

尚的社会观念相抵触。”

[752]Haldane,123.有一本当代的书就许多同类主题做了更加深刻的讨论,而且标题也相同,参

见Thomas Ryckman, The Reign of Relativity.

[753]Frank 1947,189—190;Clark,339—340.

[754]Gerald Holton, Einstein's Influenceon the Culture of Our Time, in Holton, Einstein, History,

and Other Passions,127,and also Holton and Elkana, xi.

[755]Miller 2001,especially 237—241.

[756]Damour 34;Marcel Proust to Armand de Guiche, Dec.1921.

[757]Philip Courtenay, Einstein and Art, in Goldsmith,145;Richard Davenport-Hines, Proust at the Majestic(New York:Bloomsbury,2006).

[758] T he Times of London, Nov.28,1919.

[759]Kurt Blumenfeld, Einstein and Zionism, in Seelig 1956b,74;Kurt Blu-menfeld, Erlebte Judenfrage(Stuttgart:Verlag-Anstalt,1962),127—128.

[760]Einstein to Paul Epstein, Oct.5,1919.

[761]Einstein, to German Citizens of the Jewish Faith, Apr.5,1920,CPAE 7:37.

[762]爱因斯坦使用的原词是“Stammesgenossen”。虽然“Stamm”通常意为“部族”(tribe),但这

种译法可能含有某些种族意味。一些爱因斯坦学者说,译成“kindred”“clan”或“lineage”可能更清

楚一些。

[763]Einstein, Anti-Semitism:Defense through Knowledge, after Apr.3,1920,CPAE 7:35.

[764]Einstein, Assimilation and Anti-Semitism, Apr.3,1920,CPAE 7:34.亦参见Einstein,

Immigration from the East, Dec.30,1919,an article in Berliner Tageblatt,CPAE 7:29。

[765]Einstein, Anti-Semitism:Defense through Knoweldge, after Apr.3,1920,CPAE 7:35;

Hubert Goenner, The Anti-Einstein Campaign in Germany in 1920,in Beller et al.,107.

[766]Elon,277.

[767]Hubert Goenner, The Anti-Einstein Campaign in Germany in 1920,in Beller et al.,121.

[768] N ew York Times,Aug.29,1920.

[769]Frank 1947,161;Clark,318;F?lsing,462;Brian 1996,111.

[770]Einstein to Leave Berlin, New York Times,Aug.29,1920;电头为柏林的这篇报道说:“当

地报纸称,鉴于对相对论和他本人的许多无端攻击,爱因斯坦教授将离开德国的首都。”

[771]Einstein, My Response, Aug.27,1920,CPAE 7:45.

[772]特别参见Philipp Lenard to Einstein, June 5,1909。

[773]Einstein, My Response, Aug.27,1920,CPAE 7:45.

[774]Seelig 1956a,173.

[775]Hedwig Born to Einstein, Sept.8,1920.

[776]Paul Ehrenfest to Einstein, Sept.2,1920.

[777]Einstein to Max and Hedwig Born, Sept.9,1920.

[778]Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest, before Sept.9,1920.

[779]Arnold Sommerfeld to Einstein, Sept.11,1920.

[780]Jerome,206—208,256—257.

[781]Bom 2005,35;Einstein to Max Bom, Oct.26,1920.

[782]Clark,326—327;F?lsing,467;Bolles,73.

[783]F?lsing,523;Adolf Hitler, V?lkischer Beobachter,Jan.3,1921.

[784] D earborn(Mich,) Independent,Apr.30,1921,on display at the “Chief Engineer of the Universe”exhibit, Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin,May-Sept.2005.该页下方的一个大标题称:“犹太人承

认布尔什维克主义!”

[785]Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest, Nov.26,1920,Feb.12,1921,AEA 9—545;F?lsing,484.1920

年以后的爱因斯坦书信尚未在CPAE中发表,我用爱因斯坦档案(AEA)的编号来标记这些未

发表的书信。

[786]Clark,465—466.

[787]Einstein to Maurice Solovine, Mar.8,1921,AEA 9—555.

[788]Einstein statement to Abba Eban, Nov.18,1952,AEA 28—943.

[789]Fritz Haber to Einstein, Mar.9,1921,AEA 12—329.

[790]Einstein to FritzHaber, Mar.9,1921,AEA 12—331.

[791]Seelig 1956a,81;F?lsing,500;Clark,468.

[792] N ew York Times,Apr.3,1921.

[793]Illy,29.

[794] P hiladelphia Public Ledger,Apr3,1921.

[795]这些引文和叙述源自 New York Times, New York Call, Philadelphia Public Ledr和 New York American 1921年4月3日的报道。

[796]Weizmann,232.

[797]Einstein Sees End of Time and Space, New York Times,Apr.4,1921.

[798]City’s Welcome for Dr, Einstein, New York Evening Post,Apr5,1921.

[799]Talmey,174.

[800] N ew York Times,Apr.11 and 16,1921.

[801]这尊纪念雕像位于宪法大街和22街的叉口,草地广场西北侧,是华盛顿秘藏的财宝(见

图)。雕塑者是罗伯特·贝尔克斯,附近肯尼迪中心的肯尼迪半身像也出自他之手,园林建筑师

是范·斯维登(Van Sweden)。爱因斯坦手持的板上写有三个方程,分别描述光电效应、广义相

对论和质能关系 E= mc 2。雕像所倚靠的大理石台阶上刻有三段话,其中一句是:“如果让我选

择,我只想生活在一个公民自由、宽容和在法律面前人人平等已经深入人心的国家。”参见

www.nasonline.org。

[802] W ashington Post,Apr.7,1921; New York Times,Apr.26 and 27,1921;Frank 1947,184.

帕萨迪纳的“爱因斯坦文稿计划”收录了加州理工学院的天文学家夏普利(Harlow Shapley)所描

述的科学院晚宴的情形。

[803]Charles MacArthur, Einstein Baffled in Chicago:Seeks Pants in Only Three Dimensions, Faces Relativity of Trousers, Chicago Herald and Examiner,May 3,1921.

[804] C hicago Daily Tribune,May3,1921.

[805]Memorandum of Agreement, Einstein and Princeton University Press,May 9,1921.版权归普林

斯顿独家所有,美国其他地方都不得出版他的任何讲演。4次讲演作为《相对论的意义》( The

Meaning of Relativity)出版,现在是它的第5版。

[806] P hiladelphia Evening Bulletin,May 14,1921.

[807]我使用的是派斯偏爱的译文。爱因斯坦的德语原文是:“Raffiniert ist der Herr Gott, aber

boshaf ist Ernicht.”

[808]Einstein to Oswald Veblen, Apr.30,1930,AEA 23—152.Pais 1982,114给出了这句话的历

史,爱因斯坦的秘书杜卡斯为爱因斯坦档案准备的一个备忘录中讲述了它的细节。壁炉在202房

间的教员休息室,位于普林斯顿大学的琼斯楼(Jones

Hall),此前一直叫“法因楼”(Fine

Hall),后来这个名字被用到了一幢新的数学大楼。

[809]Seelig 1956a,183;Frank 1947,285;Clark,743.

[810] N ew York Times,July 31,1921.

[811]Einstein to Felix Frankfurter,May 28,1921,AEA 36—210.

[812]参见Ben Halpem, A Clash of Heroes: Brandeis, Weizmann and Ameri?-can Zionism(Oxford Univ.Press,1987)。

[813]Boston Herald,May 19,1921.

[814]那一周稍早前,州长钱宁·考克斯也做了该测试。他给出的前三个回答是:虫胶来自哪

里?“来自罐头。”什么是季风(monsoon)?“一个听起来很逗的词。”李子从哪里来?“早饭。”

[815] N ew York Times,May 18,1921;Frank 1947,185;Brian 1996,129;Illy,25—32.

[816] H artford( Conn. ) Daily Times, May 23,1921.亦参见 Hartford Daily Courant,May 23,

1921.

[817] C levednd Press,May 26,1921.

[818]Illy,185.

[819]F?lsing,51.

[820]Einstein, How I Became a Zionist, interview in Judische Rundschau, June 21,1921,conducted on May 30,CPAE7:57.

[821]Einstein to Mileva Mari ,Aug,28,1921,Einstein family trust corre-spondence, letter in possession of Bob Cohn.在这次旅行中,为了尊重爱尔莎的感受,他在最后一刻不住在米列娃

处。

[822]Einstein to Walther Rathenau, Mar.8,1917;Rathenau to Einstein,May 10,1917.

[823]Reiser,146,describes the Weizmann-Rathenau-Einstein discussions.亦参见F?lsing,519;

Elon,364。

[824]Weizmann,288;Elon,268.

[825]Frank 1947,192.

[826]Reiser,145.

[827]Milena Wazeck, Einstein on the Murder List, Renn 2005d,222;Einstein to Max Planck, July 6,1922,AEA 19—300.

[828]Einstein to Maurice Solovine, July 16,1922,AEA 21—180.

[829]Einstein to Marie Curie, July 4,1922,AEA 34—773;Marie Curie to Einstein, July 7,

1922,AEA 34—775.

[830]F?lsing,521.

[831]Nathan and Norden,54.

[832]Hermann Struck to Pierre Comert, July 12,1922;Nathan and Norden,59.(爱因斯坦请他们

共同的朋友画家施特鲁克通知国际联盟的新闻官考默特[Comert]。)

[833]Nathan and Norden,70.

[834]Einstein, Trip diary:Japan-Palestine-Spain, AEA 29—129.本节所引的爱因斯坦日记均出自本

文献。

[835]Joan Bieder,Einstein in Singapore,2000,www.onthepage.org/outsiders/einstein_in_Singapore, htm.

[836]F?lsing,527;Clark,368;Brian 1996,143;Frank 1947,199.

[837]Einstein to Hans Albert and Eduard, Einstein,Dec.12,1922,AEA 75—620.

[838]Frank 1947,200.

[839]Einstein, Trip diary:Japan-Palestine-Spain, AEA 29—129.

[840]Clark,477—480;Frank 1947,200—201;Brian 1966,145;F?lsing;528—532.

[841]Svante Arrhenius to Einstein,Sept.1,1922.AEA 6—353;Einstein to Ar?rhenius,Sept.20,

1922.AEA 6—354.

[842]Pais,506—507;Elzinga,82—84.

[843]Robert Marc Friedman 2005,129.亦参见Friedman'S book, The Politics of Excellence: Behind the Nobel Prize in Science(New York:Henry Holt,2001),特别是第7章,Einstein Must Never

Get a Nobel Prize!;Elzinga;Pais 1982,502.

[844]Pais 1982,508;Hendrik Lorentz and Dutch colleagues to the Swedish Academy,Jan.24,

1920;Niels Bohr to the Swedish Academy,Jan.30,1920;Elzinga,134.

[845]Brian 1996,143引用了作家欧文·华莱士(Irving Wallace)为其小说《奖》( The Prize)所

做的调查采访。

[846]Elzinga,144.

[847]R.M.Friedman,130.亦参见Pais 1982,508。

[848]Arthur Eddington to the Swedish Academy,Jan.1,1921.

[849]Pais 1982,509;R,M.Friedman 131;Elzinga,151.

[850]Marcel Brillouin to the Swedish Academy,Jan.1922;Arnold Sommerfeld to the Swedish Academy,Jan.11,1922.

[851]Christopher Aurivillius to Einstein,Nov.10,1922.在另一个译本中,实际寄给爱因斯坦的诺贝

尔奖证书上有以下说法:“不依赖于(在最终证实后)可能被归于相对论和引力理论的价值。”

[852]Elzinga,182.

[853]密立根由于在芝加哥大学做的关于光电效应的实验工作而于1923年获得诺贝尔奖。当时他

已经成为加州理工学院物理实验室主任。20世纪30年代初,他邀请爱因斯坦到那里访问。

[854]Svante

Arrhenius,Nobel

Prize

presentation

speech,Dec,10,1922,nobel-

prize.org/physics/laureates/1921/press.html.

[855]Einstein,Fundamental Ideas and Problems of the Theory of Relativity,Nobel Lecture,July 11,

1923.

[856]Einstein to Hans Albert and Eduard Einstein,Dec.22,1922,AEA 75—620.诺贝尔奖金的整个

故事非常复杂,多年来引发了大量争论,随着爱因斯坦与米列娃的通信在2006年被公布才真相

大白。根据离婚协议,诺贝尔奖金被存入一家瑞士银行。米列娃可以使用利息,但只有在爱因

斯坦同意后才能花这笔钱。1923年,在咨询了一位理财师之后,爱因斯坦决定只把一部分钱放

在瑞士银行,而把其余的钱存入一个美国账户。这使米列娃感到恐慌,并引起了摩檫,后来在

朋友们的斡旋下才逐渐平息。在爱因斯坦的准许下,米列娃1924年用瑞士银行的钱和一大笔贷

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