Sept.29,1945,AEA 57—294;Oppenheimer to Einstein,Oct 10,1945,AEA 57—296.
[1350]当他得知他认为过于胆怯的那篇声明并非奧本海默所写之后,他给田纳西州橡树岭的科
学家们(真正胆怯的实际上是他们)写了一封信。在信中,他解释了他关于世界政府应当具有
和不应当具有什么权力的想法。“世界政府的各成员国必须立即把他们的关税和移民立法权交给
世界政府,”他说,“事实上,我认为世界政府的唯一职能应当是拥有军事垄断权。”Einstein to
John Balderston and other Oak Ridge scientists,Dec,3,1945,AEA 56—493.
[1351]重印于Nathan and Norden,347和Einstein 1954,118。亦参见Einstein,The Way Out,in One
World or None,Federation of Atomic Scientists,1946,www.fas.org/oneworld/index.html.这本重
要的书考察了爱因斯坦、奥本海默、西拉德、维格纳和玻尔等当时多位科学家关于如何用世界
联邦制来控制核武器的看法。
[1352]爱因斯坦意识到没有永恒的原子弹的“秘密”可以保护。正如他后来说:“美国目前军事力
量占优势,但我们肯定没有永恒的秘密。大自然告诉一群人的东西,它也会及时地告诉另一群
人。”Einstein,The Real Problem Is in the Hearts of Men, New York Times Magazine,June 23,
1946。
[1353]Einstein,remarks at the Nobel Prize dinner,Hotel Astor,Dec,10,1945,in Einstein 1954,
115.
[1354]Einstein,ECAS fund-raising telegram,May 23,1946,与此相关的材料见于爱因斯坦档案的
文件夹40—11。ECAS的历史和档案见于
www,aip.org/history/ead/chicago_ecas/20010108_content,html#top。
[1355]Einstein,ECAS letter,Jan.22,1947,AEA 40—606;Sayen,213.
[1356] N ewsweek,Mar.10,1947.
[1357]路易斯·B.梅耶(1885—1957),生于俄国,1924年与他人共同创建美国米高梅电影公
司,公司首脑直至1951年,因此成为好莱坞最有权力的人物之一。——译者注
[1358]Richard Present to Einstein,Jan.30,1946,AEA 57—147.
[1359]Einstein to Dr.J.J.Nickson,May 23,1946,AEA 57—150;Einstein to Louis B.Mayer,June 24,1946.AEA 57—152.
[1360]Louis B.Mayer to Einstein,July 18,1946,AEA 57—153;James Me Guinness to Louis B.Mayer,July 16,1946,AEA 57—154.
[1361]Sam Marx to Einstein,July 1,1946,AEA 57—155;Einstein to Sam Marx,July 8,1946,
AEA 57—156;Sam Marx to Einstein,July 16,1946,AEA 57—158.
[1362]Einstein to Sam Marx,July 19,1946,AEA 57—162;Leó Szilárd tele-gram to Einstein,and Einstein note on reverse,July 27,1946,AEA 57—163,57—164.
[1363]Bosley Crowther,Atomic Bomb Film Starts, New York Times,Feb.21,1947.
[1364]William Golden to George Marshall,June 9,1947,Foreign Relations of the U.S.;Sayen,
196.
[1365]哈尔斯曼引用的爱因斯坦名言尔斯曼的妻子讲述,刊登在《时代》周刊1999年12月31日
的世纪人物专号,封面就是哈尔斯曼拍摄的爱因斯坦照片。
[1366]Einstein comment on the animated antiwar film, Where Will You Hide? May,1948,AEA 28
—817.
[1367]Einstein interview with Alfred Werner, Liberal Judaism,Apr.——May 1949
[1368]Norman Cousins,As 1960 Sees Us, Saturday Review,Aug,5,1950;Einstein to Norman Cousins,Aug.2,1950,AEA 49—453.(周刊实际上要比所注日期提前一周出版。)
[1369]Einstein talk(via radio)to the Jewish Council for Russian War Relief,Oct.25,1942,AEA 28
—571.亦参见Einstein unsent message regarding the May-Johnson Bill,Jan.1946,Nathan and
Norden,342;broadcast interview,July 17,1947,in Nathan and Norden,418。
[1370]Rankin Denies Einstein A-Bomb Role,United Press,Feb.14,1950.
[1371]Einstein to Sidney Hook,Apr.3,1948,AEA 58—300;Sidney Hook,My Running Debate with Einstein, Commentary(July 1982).
[1372]Einstein to Sidney Hook,May 16,1950,AEA 59—1018.
[1373]Dr.Einstein’s Mistaken Notions,in New Times(Moscow),Nov,1947,in Nathan and Norden,443 and Einstein 1954,134.
[1374]Einstein,Reply to the Russian Scientists, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists [the publication of the Emergency Committee that he chaired],Feb.1948,in Einstein 1954,135;“Einstein Hits Soviet
Scientistsfor Opposing World Government”, New York Times,Jan.30,1948.
[1375]Einstein,Atomic War of Peace,part 2, Atlantic Monthly,Nov.1947.
[1376]Einstein to Henry Usborne,Jan.9,1948,AEA 58—922.
[1377]Einstein to James Allen,Dec.22,1949,AEA 57—620.
[1378]纳坦在1960年与人合编的爱因斯坦政治著作选集《爱因斯坦论和平》( Einstein
on
Peace)就对这种看法起了促进作用。纳坦和杜卡斯同为爱因斯坦遗行人,他对早期出版的著作
有巨大的影响。他是公开的社会主义者与和平主义者。他的选集很有价值,但如果查阅了整个
爱因斯坦档案,就会发现他倾向于忽略那些爱因斯坦批评苏联或极端和平主义的材料。罗
(David
E.Rowe)和舒尔曼在2007年出版的爱因斯坦政治著作选集《爱因斯坦的政治世界》
( Einstein’s Political Word)做了弥补。他们强调,爱因斯坦“并不打算放弃自由事业而主张一种
严格的计划经济,特别是不会以基本自由为代价”。他们还强调了爱因斯坦改变纯粹和平主义立
场的现实性和实际性。
[1379]Einstein to Arthur Squires and Cuthbert Daniel,Dec.15,1947,AEA 58—89.
[1380]Einstein to Roy Kepler,Aug.8,1948,AEA 58—969.
[1381]Einstein to John Dudzik,Mar.8,1948,AEA 58—108.亦参见Einstein to A.Amery,June12,
1950,AEA 59—95:“无论我多么相信社会主义的必然性,它也解决不了国际安全问题。”
[1382]“Poles Issue Message by Einstein;He Reveals Quite Different Text,” New York Times,
Aug.29,948;Einstein to Julian Huxley,Sept.14,1948,AEA 58—700;Nathan and Norden,493.
[1383]Einstein to A.J.Muste,Jan.30,1950,AEA 60—636.
[1384] T oday
with
Mrs.Roosevelt,NBC,Jan.12,1950,www.cine-holo-caust,de/cgi-bin/gdq?
efw00fbw002802.gd; New York Post,Feb.13,1950.
[1385]D,M.Ladd to J.Edgar Hoover,Feb.15,1950,and V.P.Keay to H,B.Fletcher,Feb.13,1950,
both in Einstein’s FBI files,box la,foia.f bi.gov/foiaindex/einstein.htm.杰罗姆的书《爱因斯坦档案》
( The Einstein File)做了分析。杰罗姆说,在选择爱因斯坦作为世纪人物时,《时代》周刊没
有说他是社会主义者。“《时代》周刊的管理者似乎决定走到一定程度就适可而止,他们的文章
没有提到爱因斯坦的社会主义信念。作为杂志当时的总编,我可以证明,这实际上是我们的,
而不是政策决定的结果。”
[1386]Gen.John Weckerling to J.Edgar Hoover,July 31,1950,Einstein FBI files,box 2a.
[1387]参见foia,fbi.gov/foiaindex/einstein,htm。罗默斯坦(Herb
Romerstein)和布兰德尔(Eric
Breindel)的《维诺那秘密》( The Venona Secrets,New York:Regney,2000)是一本抨击苏
联间谍的书,他们根据在美国的苏联特工发送的“维诺那”秘密电报行动。书中有一节“欺骗爱因
斯坦”(第398页),它说,总人希望把爱因斯坦列为各种亲苏团体的“荣誉主席”,但他们说,
没有证据显示爱因斯坦曾经参加过共产主义会议,他所做的仅仅是以自己的名义支持一些有时
充当共产国际“前线机构”的听起来好听的组织机构,比如“工人国际救济会”等。
[1388]Marjorie Bishop,Our Neighbors on Eighth Street,and Maria Turbow Lam-pard,introduction,in Sergri Konenkov, The Uncommon Vision(New Brunswick,N.J.:Rutgers University Press,2000),
52—54 and 192—195.
[1389]Pavel Sudoplatov, Special Tasks,updated edition(Back Bay,1995),appendix 8,
p.493;Jerome 260&283;Sotheby’s catalogue,June 26,1988;Robin Pogrebin,Love Letters by
Einstein at Auction, New York Times,June 1,1998.柯年科娃作为间谍的身份后来被其他材料所
确证。
[1390]Einstein to Margarita Konenkova,Nov.27,1945,and June 1,1946,un-cataloguecd.
[1391]Einstein,Why Socialism? Monthly Review,May 1949,reprinted in Einstein 1954,151.
[1392] P rinceton Herald,Sept.25,1942,in Sayen,219.
[1393]Einstein,The Negro Question, Pageanf,Jan.1946,in Einstein 1950a,132.
[1394]Jerome,71;Jerome and Taylor,88—91;Einstein Is Honored by Lincoln University, New York Times,May 4,1946.
[1395]Einstein,To the Heros of the Warsaw Ghetto,1944,in Einstein 1950a.
[1396]Einstein to James Franck,Dec.6,1945,AEA 11—60;Dec.30,1945,AEA 11—64.
[1397]Einstein to Verlag Vieweg,Mar.25,1947,AEA 42—172;Einstein to Otto Hahn,Jan.28,
1949,AEA 12—72.
[1398]Brian 1996,340;Milton Wexler to Einstein,Sept.17,1944,AEA 55—48;Roberto Einstein to Einstein,Nov.27,1944,AEA 55—49.
[1399]Einstein to Clara Jacobson,May 7,1945,AEA 56—900.
[1400]Sayen,219.
[1401]Seelig 1956b,71.
[1402]Pais 1982,473.
[1403]参见Bird and Sherwin。
[1404]J,Robert Oppenheimer to Frank Oppenheimer,Jan,11,1935,in Alice Smith and Charles Weiner,eds., Robert Openhimr: Letters and Recollections(Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1980),190.
[1405]Sayen,225;J.Robert Oppenheimer,On Albert Einstein, New York Re-view of Books,
Mar.17,1966.
[1406]Jim
Holt,Time
Bandits, New
Yorker,Feb.28,2005;Yourgrau
1999,2005;
Goldstein.Yourgrau 2005,3讨论了不完备性、相对论和不确定性与时代精神的关系。霍尔特的
了他们共有的看法。
[1407]Goldstein,232 n.8说,可惜各种研究都没能发现哥德尔所看出的确切错误是什么。
[1408]Kurt G?del,“Relativity and Idealistic Philosophy”,in Schilpp,558.
[1409]Yourgrau 2005,116.
[1410]Einstein,Reply to Criticisms,in Schilpp,687—688.
[1411]亚哈,《圣经》中邪恶的以色列王,娶腓尼基公主耶洗别(Jezebel)为妻。——译者注
[1412]以实玛利,《圣经》中亚伯拉罕和使女夏甲所生之子,在以撒出生后被弃。——译者注
[1413]Einstein to Han Muehsam,June 15,1942,AEA 38—337.
[1414]Hoffmann 1972,240.
[1415]Einstein 1949b,33.
[1416]Einsteinand Wolfgang Pauli,Non-Existence of Regular Solutions of Relativ-istic Field Equations,1943.
[1417]Einstein and Valentine Bargmann,Bivector Fields,1944.他有时被称为“Valentin”,但他在美
国签的名字是“Valentine”。
[1418]Einstein to Erwin Schr?dinger,Jan.22,1946,AEA 22—93.
[1419]Erwin
Schr?dinger
to
Einstein,Feb.19,1946,AEA
22—94;Einstein
to
Erwin
Schr?dinger,Apr 7,1946,AEA 22—103;Einstein to Erwin Schr?dinger,May 20,1946,AEA 22
—106;Einstein,Generalized Theory of Gravitation,1948,with subsequent addenda.
[1420]Einstein,The Meaning of Relativity,1950 edition,appendix 2,revised again for the 1954
edition;William Laurence,New Theory Gives A Master Key to the Universe, New York Times,
Dec,27,1949;William Laurence,Einstein Publishes His Master Theory;Long-Awaited Chapter to
Relativity Vol.Is Product of 30 Years of Labor;Revised at Last Minute, New York Times,Feb.15,
1950.
[1421]Einstein to Maurice Solovine,Nov.25,1948,AEA 21—256;Mar.28,1949,AEA 21—
260;Feb.12,1951,AEA 21—277.
[1422]Tilman Sauer,Dimensions of Einstein's Unified Field Theory Program,courtesy of the author;
Hoffmann 1972,239;绍尔正在研究爱因斯坦晚年在场论方面的工作,感谢他的帮助。
[1423]Whitrow,xii.
[1424]Niels Bohr,Discussion with Einstein,in Schilpp,199.
[1425]Abraham Pais,in Rozental 1967,225;Clark,742.
[1426]John Wheeler,Memoir,in French,21;John Wheeler,Mentor and Sound-ing Board,in Brockman,31;Einstein quoted in Johanna Fantova joumal,Kov.1953.在1952年给贝索的信中,爱
因斯坦还是一如既往地倔强。他坚持说,对自然的完备描述应当能够描述实在或“决定论的实在
状态”,而不仅仅是描述观察。“正统的量子理论家通常(基于实证主义的考虑)拒绝承认在状
态的概念,于是就落到与善良的贝克莱主教类似的境地去了。”Einstein
to
Michele
Beso,Sept.10,1952,AEA
7—412。一个月后他又说:“量子理论宣称:规律并不涉及事物本
身,而只涉及我们通过感知的……对此我不能苟同。”Einstein to Michele Besso,Oct.8,1952,
AEA 7—414.
[1427]Einstein to Mileva Mari ,Dec,22,1946,AEA 75—845,
[1428]F?lsing 731;Highfield and Carter 253;Brian 1996,371;Einstein to Karl Zürcher,July 29,
1947.
[1429]Einstein to Hans Albert Einstein,Jan.21,1948,AEA 75—959.
[1430]Einstein to Carl Seelig,Jan.4,1954,AEA 39—59;F?lsing,731.
[1431]动脉瘤是血管的扩张或膨胀,就像起水疱一样。腹部主动脉是连接心脏的大动脉之一,
位于横膈膜与腹部之间。
[1432]Sayen,221;Pais,1982,475.
[1433] S arasota Tribune,Mar.2,1949,AEA 30—1097;Bucky 131.杰里米·伯恩斯坦写道:“任
何人只要跟杜卡斯女士待上5分钟,就能明白这种指控是多么愚不可及。”Bernstein 2001,109.
[1434]Hans Albert Einstein interview,in Whitrow,22.
[1435]“玛雅和保罗之间的矛盾正在加剧。他们应当离婚。保罗据说有了外遇,婚姻面临崩溃。
不应当等待太久(就像我一样)……异族通婚没有任何好处(安娜说:哦!)。”Einstein
to
Michele Besso,Dec.12,1919。这里半开玩笑似的提到的安娜是指安娜·温特勒·贝索,即贝索的
妻子、保罗·温特勒的妹妹。温特勒一家不是犹太人,贝索和爱因斯坦一家则是犹太人。
[1436]Highfield and Carter,248.
[1437]Einstein to Solovine,Nov.25,1948,AEA 21—256;Sayen,134.
[1438]Einstein to Lina Kocherthaler,Ju ly 27,1951,AEA 38—303;Sayen,231.
[1439]Einstein Repudiates Biography Written by His Ex-Son-in-Law, New York Times,Aug.5,
1944;Frieda Bucky,You Have to Ask For giveness, Jewish Quarterly(winter 19671968),AEA 37
—513.
[1440]Einstein Extolled by 300 Scientists, New York Times,Mar.20,1949;Sayen,227;F?lsing,
735.
[1441]Einstein to Queen Mother Elisabeth of Belgium,Jan.6,1951,AEA 32—400;Sayen,139.
[1442]Einstein to Max Bom,Apr.12,1949,AEA8—223.
[1443]此处“Maccabee”恐系“Maccabees”或“Maccabaeus”之误。马加比(Judas Maccabaeus,? 前
161),犹太游击队领导人,争取犹太人宗教信仰自由及政治独立,反抗叙利亚,重建犹太国,
使犹太免于希腊化,后战死。——译者注
[1444]3,000 Hear Einstein at Seder Service, New York Times,Apr 18,1938;Einstein,Our Debt to Zionism,in Einstein 1954,190.
[1445]Einstein Condemns Rule in Palestine, New York Times,Jan.12,1946;Sayen,235—237;
Stephen Wise to Einstein,Jan.14,1946,AEA 35—258;Ein-stein to Stephen Wise,Jan.14,1946,
AEA 35—260.
[1446]Einstein Statement Assails Begin Party, New York Times,Dec.3,1948;Einstein Is Assailed by Menachim Begin, New York Times,Dec,7,1948.
[1447]Einstein to Hans Muehsam,Jan,22,1947,AEA 38—360,and Sept.24,1948,AEA 38—
379.
[1448]Einstein to Lina Kocherthaler,May 4,1948,AEA 38—302.
[1449]Dukas interview in Sayen 245;Abba Eban to Einstein,Nov,17,1952,AEA 41—84;
Einstein to Eban,Nov.18,1952,AEA 28—943.
[1450]爱因斯坦在创建希伯来大学方面所付出的艰苦努力在Parzen
1974中有所叙述。关于他与
布兰迪斯大学的关系,参见Abram
Sacher, Brandeis
University(Waltham,Mass.:Brandeis
University Press,1995),22。与他关系良好的一个地方是叶史瓦大学(Yeshiva University)。
1952年,他被推选为在那里建造医学院的筹款运动的荣誉主席,第二年医学院以他的名字命
名。感谢爱德华·伯恩斯(Edwad
Bums)提供的信息。参见
www.yu.edu/libraries/digital_library/einstein/panel10.html。
[1451]Einstein to Maariv newspaper editor Azriel Carlebach,Nov.21,1952,AEA 41—93;Sayen,
247;Nathan and Norden,574;Einstein to Joseph Scharl,Nov.24,1952,AEA 41—107.
[1452]Yitzhak Navon,On Einstein and the Presidency of Israel,in Holton and El-kana,295.
[1453]Einstein to Queen Mother Elizabeth of Belgium,Jan,6,1951,AEA 32—400.
[1454]Einstein to Leopold Infeld,Oct.28,1952,AEA 14—173;Einstein to Russian students in Berlin,Apr 1,1952,AEA 59—218.
[1455]Einstein to T.E.Naiton,Oct.9,1952,AEA 60—664.
[1456]Einstein to Judge Irving Kaufman,Dec.23,1952,AEA 41—547.
[1457]Newark FBI Field Office to J.Ecgar Hoover,Apr.22,1953,Einstein FBI files,box 7.
[1458]Einsteinto Harry Truman,with 15 lines of equations on the other side,Jan.11,1953,AEA 41—
551.
[1459] N ew York Times,Jan.13,1953.
[1460]Marian
Rawles
to
Einstein,Jan.14,1953,AEA
41—629;Charles
Wil-liams
to
Einstein,Jan.17,1953,AEA 41—651;Homer Greene to Einstein,Jan.15,1953,AEA 41—588;
Joseph Heidt to Einstein,Jan.13,1953,AEA 41—589.
[1461]Einstein to William Douglas,June 23,1953,AEA 41—576;William Douglas to
Einstein,June 30,1953,AEA 41—577.
[1462]Generosa Pope Jr.to Einstein,Jan.15,1953,AEA 41—625;Daniel James to Einstein,Jan.14,
1953,AEA 41—614.
[1463]Einstein to Danirl James,Jan.15,1953,AEA 60—696; New York Times,Jan.22,1953.
[1464]Einstein,Acceptance of the Lord&Taylor Award,May 4,1953,AEA 28—979.在给时任《普
林斯顿日报》的学生编辑克鲁格(Dick Klugr)的一封信中,他写道:“只要一个人没有‘社会契
约’,那么任何人都调查他的信念。如果不遵守这一原则,思想就不可能自由发展。”Einstein to
Dick Kluger,Sept.17,1953,in Kluger’s possession.
[1465]Einstein to William Frauenglass,May 16,1953,AEA 41—112;Refuse to Te stify Einstein Advises, New York Times,June 12,1953; Time,June 22,1953.
[1466]All of these editorials ran on June 13,1953,except the Chicago one,which ran on June 15.
[1467]Sam Epkin to Einstein from,June 15,1953,AEA 41—409;Victor Lasky to Einstein,June 1953,AEA 41—441;George Stringfellow to Einstein,June 15,1953,AEA 41—470.
[1468] N ew York Times,June 14,1953.
[1469]Bertrand Russell to New York Times,June 26,1953;Einstein to Bertrand Russell,June 28,
1953,AEA 33—195.
[1470]Abraham Flexner to Einstein,June 12,1953,AEA 41—174;Shepherd Baum to Einstein,June 17,1953,AEA 41—202.
[1471]Ricchard Frauenglass to Einstein,June 20,1953,AEA 41—181.
[1472]Sarah Shadowitz,Albert Shadowitz, Globe and Mail(Toronto),May 26,2004.作者是沙多
维茨的女儿。
[1473]Sayen,273—276;Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations,Committee on Government Operations,Testimony of Albert Shadowitz,Dec,14,1953,and Report on the Proceedings Against