第一章 我说妳是妳就是 PTT「母猪教」中的厌女与性别挑衅1 .2
这确实是网络空间与性别平权的折损。当幼稚的玩笑成为强大的恶意，并形成一个不断回旋的漩涡，即使是不以为然、冷笑置之、甚至愤怒相向的情绪都会被卷入谷底消散于无形，只剩下那股强大的挑衅气流兀自增强与流散。父权规范的侦查与守卫，将女性噤声且禁足于网络空间跟前，如何站出来╱说出来╱取得自主权，仍是网络空间民主化与性别平权的深远课题。
1本文最初始的雏形，于2016年受邀发表在《妇研纵横》105期「网络性霸凌」专题中。2018年获「龙卷风科技」协助得以扩大数据范围后，新增分析架构以进行改写，曾宣读于中央研究院社会学研究所第二届博士后论坛，以及女学会学术研讨会，感谢评论人吴齐殷研究员的珍贵洞见，也感谢与会者的相关提问和建议，这些养分都成为本文改写的重要资源。至于文章的疏漏，自是我的责任。
2参见网址：http://dailynous.com/2018/10/29/philosophers-leaving-twitter/·fbclid=IwAR2_f09J9-GDleU_NaVni0uH49FS852nNU88Pw2rLD6cT0kKSN89p7RryxQ，检阅日期：2019年4月25日。
3「水桶」为PTT的特定用语，指的是板主针对不遵守板规者所做的处罚。处罚的方式在于剥夺其发言权，于「浸水桶」期间不得在该广告牌发文、推嘘文。因而在命名上取其「待在水桶里冷静冷静」之意。
4Kate Manne, Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018, p. 19.
5Mark Poster, The Mode of Information: Poststructuralisms and Contexts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990; “Douglas Kellner, Intellectuals, the New Public Spheres, and Techno-politics,” New Political Science (1997): 169-188.
6Roger Hurwitz, “Who needs politics· Who needs people· The ironies of democracy in cyberspace,” Contemporary Sociology 28.6 (1999): 655-661.
7Laura J. Gurak, “The Promise and the Peril of Social Action in Cyberspace,” in Marc A. Smith and Peter Kollock (eds.), Communities in Cyberspace (pp.245-263). London/New York: Routledge, 1999.
8Cass Sunstein, Echo Chambers: Bush v. Gore, Impeachment, and Beyond. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001, pp. 7-9.·
9John Keane, “Structural Transformations of the Public Sphere,” in Kenneth L. Hacker and Jan van Dijk (Eds.), Digital Democracy: Issues of Theory and Practice (pp.70-89). Thlusand Oaks, CA: Sage. (2000)
10如何取用网络资源（数据性质是公开的还是私人的？须匿名以保护隐私，还是应署名以认可其贡献？让研究参与者免于受到伤害的这个伦理承诺是否真能达成，而不会过于天真的忽略在线环境的镶嵌性），一直是网络研究阵营内争议不止的伦理议题。可勉强视为共识的，则是肯认这样的伦理两难需要放在个别的研究情境内来考虑。PTT作为台湾最大的电子布告栏系统，每日尖峰时段同时在线人数可达十万人次以上，论述的设定也面向广大群众（如使用者会在文章中提到「记者快来抄啊」），确实可说是一个公共领域。但在此采用化名、且涉及ID之处都模糊处理的因素，一者在于文本探勘的研究类似于语言学的取径，研究所关心的是群体的语言模式而非个别的语言殊异（参见Susan Herring, “Linguistic and Critical Analysis of Computer-Mediated Communication: Some Ethical and Scholarly Considerations,” The Information Society, 12.2 (1996): 153-168.）；二者则是「母猪教」涉及敏感的性别歧视意涵，在网络镶嵌的情境下，无法预估采用使用者的ID会对其造成什么样的影响程度（如破坏在线╱线下身分的区隔性）（参见Dennis Waskul, “Considering the Electronic Participant: Some Polemical Observations on the Ethics of On-Line Research,” The Information Society, 12.2 (1996): 129-140.）。虽然在网络搜寻技术的支持之下，即便采用化名也无法产生百分百的保障，但这就是一种伦理考虑╱责任的展现。
11〈苗博雅谈母猪教：厌女文化，其实反映了背后的焦虑〉，刊于《女人迷》网站，2016年9月21日，网址：http://womany.net/read/article/11770，检阅日期：2019年5月20日。
12Mark Poster, The Mode of Information: Poststructuralisms and Contexts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
13Zygmunt Bauman, “On mass, individuals, and peg communities,” in N. Lee & R. Munro (Eds.), The Consumption of Mass (p. 111). Oxford, UK; Malden, MA: Blackwell/Sociological Review, 2001.
14·mile Durkheim, The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New York: Free Press, 1995.
15Michel Maffesoli, The Contemplation of the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
16黄厚铭、林意仁，〈流动的群聚（mob-ility）：网络起哄的社会心理基础〉，《新闻学研究》115期（2013年），页14。
17林意仁，《网络群众文化及其民主意涵 —— 以PTT Gossiping广告牌为例》，国立政治大学社会学研究所硕士论文，2011年。
18Mel Slater and Sylvia Wilbur, “A Framework for Immersive Virtual Environments(FIVE): Speculations on the Role of Presence in Virtual Environments.” Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 6.6 (1997): 605.
19Michel Maffesoli, The Contemplation of the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
20Kate Manne, Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny.
21Kate Manne, Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny, p. 88.
22Danielle Keats Citron, Misogynistic cyber hate speech, 2011/10/27. Retrieved August 15, 2016, from http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi·article=2143&context=fac_pubs; Martha C. Nussbaum, “Objectification and Internet Misogyny,” in pp.68-87, The Offensive Internet, edited by Saul Levmore and Martha C. Nussbaum. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010.
23Karla Mantilla, “Gendertrolling: Misogyny Adapts to New Media,” Feminist Studies, 39.2 (2013): 563-570.
24「CCR」指的是跨文化恋爱（Cross Cultural Romance）的缩写，在PTT八卦板中特指黄种人女性与白种人男性的恋爱，通常具有尖酸讥评的意味，亦会被写成ㄈㄈ尺。
25Martha C. Nussbaum, “Objectification and Internet Misogyny,” p. 74.
26Martha C. Nussbaum, “Objectification and Internet Misogyny,” pp. 68-75.
27Martha C. Nussbaum, “Objectification and Internet Misogyny,” p. 72.
28Martha C. Nussbaum, “Objectification and Internet Misogyny,” p. 84.
29Kate Manne, Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny, p. 88.
30Kate Manne, Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny, pp. 20, 79, 80.
31Manuel Castells, The Rise of the Network Society. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.
32Jennifer Jenson and Suzanne de Castell, “Tipping points: Marginality, Misogyny and Videogames,” Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 29.2 (2013): 72-85.
33Danielle Keats Citron, Misogynistic cyber hate speech, 2011/10/27.
34Emma A. Jane, “Online Misogyny and Feminist Digilantism,” Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 30.3 (2016): 284-297.
35Danielle Keats Citron, “Law’s Expressive Value in Combating Cyber Gender Harassment,” Michigan Law Review, 108.3 (2009): 373-415.
36Emma A. Jane, “Online Misogyny and Feminist Digilantism.”
37Karla Mantilla, “Gendertrolling: Misogyny Adapts to New Media,” Feminist Studies, 39.2 (2013): 563-570.
38Jennifer Jenson and Suzanne de Castell, “Tipping points: Marginality, Misogyny and Videogames.”
39Danielle Keats Citron, “Law’s Expressive Value in Combating Cyber Gender Harassment.”
40Emma A. Jane, “Online Misogyny and Feminist Digilantism.”
41Danielle Keats Citron, “Law’s Expressive Value in Combating Cyber Gender Harassment.”
42Martha C. Nussbaum, “Objectification and Internet Misogyny,” p. 85-87.
