[201] Malinowski, Stephan. Vom K?nig zum Führer. Sozialer Niedergang und politische Radikalisierung im deutschen Adel zwischen Kaiserreich und NS-Staat. Oldenbourg Akademieverlag, 2003. S. 66.
[202] Malinowski, Stephan. Vom K?nig zum Führer. Sozialer Niedergang und politische Radikalisierung im deutschen Adel zwischen Kaiserreich und NS-Staat. Oldenbourg Akademieverlag, 2003. S. 67.
[203] Ebd., S. 67-68.
[204] Winter, Ingelore M. Der Adel: Ein deutsches Gruppenportr?t. Mit 57 Abbildungen. Fritz Molden, 1981. S. 265-267.
[205] Bismarck, Herbert von (Hg.). Fürst Bismarcks Briefe an seine Braut und Gattin. J. G. Cotta’sche Buchhandlung Nachfolger, 1906. S. 328-329.
[206] Bismarck, Herbert von (Hg.). Fürst Bismarcks Briefe an seine Braut und Gattin. J. G. Cotta’sche Buchhandlung Nachfolger, 1906. S. 328-329.
[207] Steinberg, Jonathan. Bismarck: A Life. Oxford University Press, 2012. pp. 76-77.
[208] Steinberg, Jonathan. Bismarck: A Life. Oxford University Press, 2012. pp. 180-181.
[209] Bismarck, Herbert von (Hg.). Fürst Bismarcks Briefe an seine Braut und Gattin. J. G. Cotta’sche Buchhandlung Nachfolger, 1906. S. 98.
[210] 奥托·冯·俾斯麦：《思考与回忆：俾斯麦回忆录》第一卷，杨德友、同鸿印等译，第45页。
[211] 奥托·冯·俾斯麦：《思考与回忆：俾斯麦回忆录》第一卷，杨德友、同鸿印等译，第45页。
[212] Clark, Christopher. Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947. Penguin, 2007. p. 475.
[213] ?BISMARCK-BIOGRAPHIE. Historisches Plakat.“ In: Der Spiegel, am 12.12.1956. URL: https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-43064928.html.访问时间：2020年4月28日。
[214] Ebd.
[215] Steinberg, Jonathan. Bismarck: A Life. Oxford University Press, 2012. p. 120.
[216] Kladderadatsch: Humoristisch-satirisches Wochenblatt. 5.1852. URL: https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/kla1852/0049.访问时间：2020年4月28日。
[217] Steinberg, Jonathan. Bismarck: A Life. p. 120.
[218] Steinberg, Jonathan. Bismarck: A Life. Oxford University Press, 2012. p. 41.
[219] Lennig, Petra. Das verweigerte Duell: Bismarck gegen Virchow.德国历史博物馆官方网站，URL: http://www.dhm.de/archiv/ausstellungen/gruenderzeit/exposes/Lennig%20-%20Das%20 verweigerte%20Duell%20-%20Bismarck%20gegen%20Virchow.pdf访问时间：2020年4月28日。
[220] Schultz, Myron. Photo quiz. Volume 14, Number 9, September 2008. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/14/9/1479.htm.访问时间：2020年4月28日。
[221] Ludwig, Ulrike. Das Duell im Alten Reich: Transformation und Variationen frühneuzeitlicher Ehrkonflikte. Duncker & Humblot, 2012. S. 16.
[222] Ludwig, Ulrike. Das Duell im Alten Reich: Transformation und Variationen frühneuzeitlicher Ehrkonflikte. Duncker & Humblot, 2012. S. 58-61.
[223] Deák, István. Beyond nationalism: A Social and Political History of the Habsburg Officer Corps 1848-1918. Oxford University Press, 1990. p. 134.另，《决斗法则》可在这里下载：http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/o:6550。
[224] Frevert, Ute. Men of Honour. A Social and Cultural History of the Duel. Translated by Anthony Williams. Polity Press, 2007. p. 80.
[225] Hewitson, Mark. The People’s Wars, Histories of Violence in the German Lands, 1820-1888. Oxford University Press, 2017. p. 142.
[226] Deák, István. Beyond nationalism: A Social and Political History of the Habsburg Officer Corps 1848-1918. Oxford University Press, 1990. p. 136.
[227] Ibid., p. 130.
[228] Deák, István. Beyond nationalism: A Social and Political History of the Habsburg Officer Corps 1848-1918. Oxford University Press, 1990. p. 135.
[229] Hewitson, Mark. The People’s Wars. Histories of Violence in the German Lands, 1820-1888. Oxford University Press, 2017. p. 143.
[230] Deák, István. Beyond Nationalism: A Social and Political History of the Habsburg Officer Corps 1848-1918. Oxford University Press, 1990. p. 128, 135.
[231] Ibid., p. 131.
[232] Millingen, John Gideon. The History of Duelling. Vol Ⅰ, Richard Bentley, 1841. pp. 343-345.
[233] Frevert, Ute. Men of Honour: A Social and Cultural History of the Duel. trans. Anthony Williams. Polity Press, 2007. p. 28.
[234] Deák, István. Beyond Nationalism: A Social and Political History of the Habsburg Officer Corps 1848-1918. Oxford University Press, 1990. p. 131.
[235] Frevert, Ute. Men of Honour: A Social and Cultural History of the Duel. trans. Anthony Williams. p. 6.
[236] Hewitson, Mark. The People’s Wars. Histories of Violence in the German Lands, 1820-1888. Oxford University Press, 2017. p. 141.
[237] Frevert, Ute. Men of Honour: A Social and Cultural History of the Duel. trans. Anthony Williams. p. 29.
[238] Ibid., pp. 33-34.
[239] Dieners, Peter. Das Duell und die Sonderrolle des Milit?rs. Zur preu?isch-deutschen Entwicklung von Milit?r-und Zivilgewalt im 19. Jahrhundert. Duncker & Humblot, 1992. S. 81.
[240] “On the Morality of Dueling, His Holiness Pope Leo ⅪⅡ, September 12, 1891.” URL: http://www.newadvent.org/library/docs_le13po.htm.访问时间：2020年4月28日。
[241] Frevert, Ute. Men of Honour: A Social and Cultural History of the Duel. trans. Anthony Williams. Polity Press, 2007.p. 198.
[242] Deák, István. Beyond Nationalism: A Social and Political History of the Habsburg Officer Corps 1848-1918. Oxford University Press, 1990. p. 132.
[243] Frevert, Ute. Men of Honour: A Social and Cultural History of the Duel. trans. Anthony Williams. p. 199.
[244] 施尼茨勒：《施尼茨勒读本》，韩瑞祥选编，蔡鸿君等译，人民文学出版社，2011年，第130—154页。
[245] Deák, István. Beyond Nationalism: A Social and Political History of the Habsburg Officer Corps 1848-1918. Oxford University Press, 1990. p. 130.
[246] Deák, István. Beyond Nationalism: A Social and Political History of the Habsburg Officer Corps 1848-1918. Oxford University Press, 1990. p. 137.
[247] Combs, William. “Fatal attraction duelling and the SS.” In: History Today, 6 June 1997, Vol. 47, Issue 6. p. 13.
[248] Combs, William. “Fatal attraction duelling and the SS.” In: History Today, 6 June 1997, Vol. 47, Issue 6. pp. 11-16.
[249] Frevert, Ute. Men of Honour. A Social and Cultural History of the Duel. trans. Anthony Williams. Polity Press, 2007. p. 228.
[250] Winkelhofer, Martina. Der Alltag des Kaisers: Franz Joseph und sein Hof. Haymon, 2010. S. 110.
[251] Winkelhofer, Martina. Der Alltag des Kaisers: Franz Joseph und sein Hof. Haymon, 2010. S. 110-122.
