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高老头(FatherGoriot)简介：
LePèreGoriot(English:FatherGoriotorOldGoriot)isan1835novelbyFrenchnovelistandplaywrightHonorédeBalzac(1799–1850),includedintheScènesdelavieprivéesectionofhisnovelsequenceLaComédiehumaine.SetinParisin1819,itfollowstheintertwinedlivesofthreecharacters:theelderlydotingGoriot;amysteriouscriminal-in-hidingnamedVautrin;andanaivelawstudentnamedEugènedeRastignac.
Originallypublishedinserialformduringthewinterof1834–35,LePèreGoriotiswidelyconsideredasBalzac'smostimportantnovel.Itmarksthefirstserioususebytheauthorofcharacterswhohadappearedinotherbooks,atechniquethatdistinguishesBalzac'sfictionandmakesLaComédiehumaineuniqueamongbodiesofwork.Thenovelisalsonotedasanexampleofhisrealiststyle,usingminutedetailstocreatecharacterandsubtext.
ThenoveltakesplaceduringtheBourbonRestoration,whichbroughtaboutprofoundchangesinFrenchsociety;thestruggleofindividualstosecureupper-classstatusisubiquitousinthebook.ThecityofParisalsoimpressesitselfonthecharacters–especiallyyoungRastignac,whogrewupintheprovincesofsouthernFrance.Balzacanalyzes,throughGoriotandothers,thenatureoffamilyandmarriage,providingapessimisticviewoftheseinstitutions.
Thenovelwasreleasedtomixedreviews.Somecriticspraisedtheauthorforhiscomplexcharactersandattentiontodetail;otherscondemnedhimforhismanydepictionsofcorruptionandgreed.AfavoriteofBalzac's,thebookquicklywonwidespreadpopularityandhasoftenbeenadaptedforfilmandthestage.ItgaverisetotheFrench-languageexpressionRastignac,asocialclimberwillingtouseanymeanstobetterhissituation.
《高老头》发表于1834年，是巴尔扎克最优秀的作品之一。这部作品在展示社会生活的广度和深度方面，在反映作家世界观的进步性和局限性方面，在表现《人间喜剧》的艺术成就和不足之处方面，都具有代表意义。其艺术风格最能代表巴尔扎克的特点。在这篇小说中，作者第一次使用他创造的“人物再现法”—让一个人物不仅在一部作品中出现，而且在以后的作品中连续不断地出现，它不仅使我们看到人物性格形成的不同阶段，而且使一系列作品构成一个整体，成为《人间喜剧》的有机部分。在此，一些主要人物如拉斯蒂涅、鲍赛昂子爵夫人、伏特冷纷纷登场亮相，《人间喜剧》拉开了序幕。 |
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